14:urbanisation-problems And Solutions, big City Life

Question 1

Rubbish

Question 2

Too much/too little
Too many/too few

Answer 2

Too much/too little:
With uncountable nouns:
Traffic, Time, money, space, work,rubbish

Too many/too little:
With countable nouns:
People

Question 3

Deal with

Question 4

Poverty

Answer 4

poverty [ˈpovəti]
♦ noun
the condition of being poor: They lived in extreme poverty; the poverty of the soil.
فقر

Question 5

Find a solution

Question 6

Overcome a difficulty

Question 7

Solve or resolve a problem

Question 8

Remedy a situation

Answer 8

remedy [ˈremədi]– plural ˈremedies –
♦ noun
a cure for an illness or something bad: I know a good remedy for toothache.
درمان؛ علاج

♦ verb
to put right: These mistakes can be remedied.
جبران کردن
remedial [rəˈmiːdiəl]
♦ adjective
able to, or intended to, put right or to correct or cure: She does remedial work with the less clever children; remedial exercises.
درمانی؛ اصلاحی؛ ترمیمی

Question 9

Resolve an issue or problem

Question 10

Reach or find a compromise

Answer 10

compromise [ˈkomprəmaiz]
♦ noun
(a) settlement of differences in which each side gives up something it has previously demanded: We argued for a long time but finally arrived at a compromise.
مصالحه؛ سازش

Question 11

Unemployment

Question 12

Problem

Answer 12

Difficulty, dilemma, challenge,obstacle

Question 13

Obstacle

Answer 13

obstacle [ˈobstəkl]
♦ noun
something which prevents progress: His inability to learn foreign languages was an obstacle to his career.
مانع
obstacle race
a race in which runners have to climb over, crawl through etc obstacles such as tyres, nets etc .
دو صحرایی با مانع

Question 14

Dilemma

Answer 14

dilemma [diˈlemə, ˈdailemə]
♦ noun
a position or situation giving two choices, neither pleasant: His dilemma was whether to leave the party early so as to get a lift in his friend’s car, or to stay and walk eight kilometres home.
تنگنا؛ دو راهی ناخوشایند

difficult situation, difficult decision

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

Answer, key, remedy,resolution

Question 16

Setback

Answer 16

Problem

[ˈsetˌbak]
noun - setback
شکست: defeat, failure, fracture, setback, break, losing
مانع: obstacle, barrier, hindrance, impediment, hurdle, setback
تنزل: degradation, decay, depreciation, depression, decadence, setback

Question 17

Enhance

Answer 17

Improve

Question 18

Aggravate

Answer 18

Make worse

Question 19

Linger

Answer 19

Stay along time

linger [ˈliŋgə]
♦ verb
1 to remain, last or continue for a long time or after the expected time: The smell of the bad fish lingered for days.
دیر رفتن
2 to proceed slowly or delay: We lingered in the hall, looking at the pictures.
تاخیر کردن

Question 20

Worsen

Answer 20

بدتر شدن
Compound, deteriorate, enhance,exacerbate

Question 21

Improve

Answer 21

Advance, flourish, progress,reform

Question 22

Chance

Answer 22

Acclimatise, adapt, adjust, amend, modify,transform

Question 23

Long-sighted

Answer 23

adjective - long-sighted
دوربین: long-sighted
عاقبت اندیش: farseeing, provident, long-sighted

Question 24

Long-term / short-term

Question 25

One-sided

Question 26

Booming

Answer 26

boom1 [buːm]
♦ noun
a sudden increase in a business etc : a boom in the sales of TV sets.
رونق؛ رشد سریع

♦ verb
to increase suddenly (and profitably): Business is booming this week.
رونق یافتن

Question 27

Enormous

Answer 27

enormous [iˈnoːməs]
♦ adjective
very large: The new building is enormous; We had an enormous lunch.
عظیم؛ فوق العاده
eˈnormousness
♦ noun
.
عظمت
eˈnormity
♦ noun
1 great wickedness.
قباحت
2 hugeness.
عظمت

Question 28

Staggering

Answer 28

adjective - staggering
متناوب: intermittent, alternative, alternating, periodic, alternate, staggering
گیج: dizzy, staggering, astounding, confounded, hazy, giddy

Question 29

Enormous strain

Answer 29

strain1 [strein]
♦ verb
1 to exert oneself or a part of the body to the greatest possible extent: They strained at the door, trying to pull it open; He strained to reach the rope.
خود را از توان انداختن
2 to injure (a muscle etc ) through too much use, exertion etc : He has strained a muscle in his leg; You’ll strain your eyes by reading in such a poor light.
آسيب رساندن
3 to force or stretch (too far): The constant interruptions were straining his patience.
به خود فشار آوردن
4 to put (eg a mixture) through a sieve etc in order to separate solid matter from liquid: She strained the coffee.
از صافي گذراندن

♦ noun
1 force exerted; Can nylon ropes take more strain than the old kind of rope?
فشار
2 (something, eg too much work etc , that causes) a state of anxiety and fatigue: The strain of nursing her dying husband was too much for her; to suffer from strain.
فرسودگي
3 (an) injury especially to a muscle caused by too much exertion: muscular strain.
ضرب ديدگي
4 too great a demand: These constant delays are a strain on our patience.
فشار روحي؛زور
strained
♦ adjective
(of a person’s manner, behaviour etc ) not natural, easy or relaxed: a strained smile.
تصنعي
ˈstrainer
♦ noun
a sieve or other utensil for separating solids from liquids: a coffee-/tea-strainer.
صاف كن
strain off
to remove (liquid) from eg vegetables by using a sieve etc : When the potatoes were cooked, she strained off the water.
صاف كردن

Question 30

Infrastructure

Answer 30

[ˈinfrəˌstrəkCHər]
noun - infrastructure
شالوده: infrastructure, foundation, base, kernel, texture, skeleton
زیر بنا: infrastructure, substruction, substructure
سازمان: organization, structure, establishment, infrastructure, regime, conformation
پیدایش: appearance, genesis, birth, infrastructure, emersion, nativity
زیر سازی: infrastructure, substructure, cushion, substruction

Question 31

Necessities

Answer 31

noun - necessity
ضرورت: necessity, urgency, exigency, exigence
لزوم: need, necessity, indigence, requisiteness, incumbency, supply
نیاز: need, requirement, demand, necessity, want
احتیاج: need, requirement, necessity, lack, penury, requisite
نیازمندی: need, requirement, necessity, indigence
بایستگی: necessity, need

Question 32

Migrant

Answer 32

[ˈmīgrənt]
adjective - migrant
سیار: mobile, itinerant, moving, ambulatory, wandering, migrant
جانور مهاجر: migrant
noun - migrant
کوچ کننده: emigrant, migrant
کوچگر: migrant

Question 33

Rural migrant

Question 34

Adequate

Answer 34

adequate [ˈӕdikwət]
♦ adjective
sufficient; enough: He does not earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs.
کافی
ˈadequately
♦ adverb
.
به اندازه کافی
ˈadequacy
♦ noun
.
کفایت؛ بسندگی

Question 35

Decent

Answer 35

decent [ˈdiːsnt]
♦ adjective
1 fairly good; of fairly good quality: a decent standard of living.
مناسب؛ شایسته
2 kindly, tolerant or likeable: He’s a decent enough fellow.
آراسته؛ محجوب
3 not vulgar or immoral; modest: Keep your language decent!
مودبانه
ˈdecency
♦ noun
(the general idea of) what is proper, fitting, moral etc ; the quality or act of being decent: In the interests of decency, we have banned nude bathing; He had the decency to admit that it was his fault.
شایستگی؛ بزرگواری
ˈdecently
♦ adverb
in a manner acceptable to the general idea of what is proper or suitable: You’re not going out unless you’re decently dressed.
بطور شایسته؛ بطور مناسب

Question 36

Catastrophic

Answer 36

[ˌkatəˈsträfik]
adjective - catastrophic
فاجعه انگیز: catastrophic
مصیبت بار: catastrophic, calamitous, baleful

Question 37

Slums

Answer 37

slum [slam]
♦ noun
a group of houses, blocks of flats, street etc where the conditions are dirty and overcrowded and the building(s) usually in a bad state: That new block of flats is rapidly turning into a slum; a slum dwelling.
حلبي آباد
the slums
the area(s) of a town etc where there are slums: As a social worker, she does a lot of work in the slums.
منطقه فقيرنشين

Question 38

Overpopulatiob

Question 39

Urbanisation

Answer 39

The process by which more people leave the countryside to live in the city

Question 40

Overcrowded

Question 41

Accommodation

Answer 41

[əˌkäməˈdāSHən]
noun - accommodation
تطابق: accommodation, match, accordance, identity, likeness
منزل: house, abode, accommodation, apartment, hearth, dwelling
جا: place, room, space, case, seat, accommodation
تطبیق: adjustment, match, adaptation, comparison, accommodation, conformation
کمک: help, aid, assistance, helping, support, accommodation
همسازی: harmony, compatibility, accommodation, symmetry
وسایل راحتی: accommodation
سازش با مقتضیات محیط: accommodation
وام: loan, debt, accommodation
مساعده: imprest, advance, advance money, accommodation