14:urbanisation-problems And Solutions, big City Life Flashcards

1
Q

Rubbish

A
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2
Q

Too much/too little
Too many/too few

A

Too much/too little:
With uncountable nouns:
Traffic, Time, money, space, work,rubbish

Too many/too little:
With countable nouns:
People

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3
Q

Deal with

A
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4
Q

Poverty

A

poverty [ˈpovəti]
♦ noun
the condition of being poor: They lived in extreme poverty; the poverty of the soil.
فقر

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5
Q

Find a solution

A
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6
Q

Overcome a difficulty

A
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7
Q

Solve or resolve a problem

A
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8
Q

Remedy a situation

A

remedy [ˈremədi]– plural ˈremedies –
♦ noun
a cure for an illness or something bad: I know a good remedy for toothache.
درمان؛ علاج

♦ verb
to put right: These mistakes can be remedied.
جبران کردن
remedial [rəˈmiːdiəl]
♦ adjective
able to, or intended to, put right or to correct or cure: She does remedial work with the less clever children; remedial exercises.
درمانی؛ اصلاحی؛ ترمیمی

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9
Q

Resolve an issue or problem

A
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10
Q

Reach or find a compromise

A

compromise [ˈkomprəmaiz]
♦ noun
(a) settlement of differences in which each side gives up something it has previously demanded: We argued for a long time but finally arrived at a compromise.
مصالحه؛ سازش

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11
Q

Unemployment

A
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12
Q

Problem

A

Difficulty, dilemma, challenge,obstacle

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13
Q

Obstacle

A

obstacle [ˈobstəkl]
♦ noun
something which prevents progress: His inability to learn foreign languages was an obstacle to his career.
مانع
obstacle race
a race in which runners have to climb over, crawl through etc obstacles such as tyres, nets etc .
دو صحرایی با مانع

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14
Q

Dilemma

A

dilemma [diˈlemə, ˈdailemə]
♦ noun
a position or situation giving two choices, neither pleasant: His dilemma was whether to leave the party early so as to get a lift in his friend’s car, or to stay and walk eight kilometres home.
تنگنا؛ دو راهی ناخوشایند

difficult situation, difficult decision

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15
Q

Solution

A

Answer, key, remedy,resolution

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16
Q

Setback

A

Problem

[ˈsetˌbak]
noun - setback
شکست: defeat, failure, fracture, setback, break, losing
مانع: obstacle, barrier, hindrance, impediment, hurdle, setback
تنزل: degradation, decay, depreciation, depression, decadence, setback

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17
Q

Enhance

18
Q

Aggravate

A

Make worse

19
Q

Linger

A

Stay along time

linger [ˈliŋgə]
♦ verb
1 to remain, last or continue for a long time or after the expected time: The smell of the bad fish lingered for days.
دیر رفتن
2 to proceed slowly or delay: We lingered in the hall, looking at the pictures.
تاخیر کردن

20
Q

Worsen

A

بدتر شدن
Compound, deteriorate, enhance,exacerbate

21
Q

Improve

A

Advance, flourish, progress,reform

22
Q

Chance

A

Acclimatise, adapt, adjust, amend, modify,transform

23
Q

Long-sighted

A

adjective - long-sighted
دوربین: long-sighted
عاقبت اندیش: farseeing, provident, long-sighted

24
Q

Long-term / short-term

25
One-sided
26
Booming
boom1 [buːm] ♦ noun a sudden increase in a business etc : a boom in the sales of TV sets. رونق؛ رشد سریع ♦ verb to increase suddenly (and profitably): Business is booming this week. رونق یافتن
27
Enormous
enormous [iˈnoːməs] ♦ adjective very large: The new building is enormous; We had an enormous lunch. عظیم؛ فوق العاده eˈnormousness ♦ noun . عظمت eˈnormity ♦ noun 1 great wickedness. قباحت 2 hugeness. عظمت
28
Staggering
adjective - staggering متناوب: intermittent, alternative, alternating, periodic, alternate, staggering گیج: dizzy, staggering, astounding, confounded, hazy, giddy
29
Enormous strain
strain1 [strein] ♦ verb 1 to exert oneself or a part of the body to the greatest possible extent: They strained at the door, trying to pull it open; He strained to reach the rope. خود را از توان انداختن 2 to injure (a muscle etc ) through too much use, exertion etc : He has strained a muscle in his leg; You'll strain your eyes by reading in such a poor light. آسيب رساندن 3 to force or stretch (too far): The constant interruptions were straining his patience. به خود فشار آوردن 4 to put (eg a mixture) through a sieve etc in order to separate solid matter from liquid: She strained the coffee. از صافي گذراندن ♦ noun 1 force exerted; Can nylon ropes take more strain than the old kind of rope? فشار 2 (something, eg too much work etc , that causes) a state of anxiety and fatigue: The strain of nursing her dying husband was too much for her; to suffer from strain. فرسودگي 3 (an) injury especially to a muscle caused by too much exertion: muscular strain. ضرب ديدگي 4 too great a demand: These constant delays are a strain on our patience. فشار روحي؛زور strained ♦ adjective (of a person's manner, behaviour etc ) not natural, easy or relaxed: a strained smile. تصنعي ˈstrainer ♦ noun a sieve or other utensil for separating solids from liquids: a coffee-/tea-strainer. صاف كن strain off to remove (liquid) from eg vegetables by using a sieve etc : When the potatoes were cooked, she strained off the water. صاف كردن
30
Infrastructure
[ˈinfrəˌstrəkCHər] noun - infrastructure شالوده: infrastructure, foundation, base, kernel, texture, skeleton زیر بنا: infrastructure, substruction, substructure سازمان: organization, structure, establishment, infrastructure, regime, conformation پیدایش: appearance, genesis, birth, infrastructure, emersion, nativity زیر سازی: infrastructure, substructure, cushion, substruction
31
Necessities
noun - necessity ضرورت: necessity, urgency, exigency, exigence لزوم: need, necessity, indigence, requisiteness, incumbency, supply نیاز: need, requirement, demand, necessity, want احتیاج: need, requirement, necessity, lack, penury, requisite نیازمندی: need, requirement, necessity, indigence بایستگی: necessity, need
32
Migrant
[ˈmīgrənt] adjective - migrant سیار: mobile, itinerant, moving, ambulatory, wandering, migrant جانور مهاجر: migrant noun - migrant کوچ کننده: emigrant, migrant کوچگر: migrant
33
Rural migrant
34
Adequate
adequate [ˈӕdikwət] ♦ adjective sufficient; enough: He does not earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs. کافی ˈadequately ♦ adverb . به اندازه کافی ˈadequacy ♦ noun . کفایت؛ بسندگی
35
Decent
decent [ˈdiːsnt] ♦ adjective 1 fairly good; of fairly good quality: a decent standard of living. مناسب؛ شایسته 2 kindly, tolerant or likeable: He's a decent enough fellow. آراسته؛ محجوب 3 not vulgar or immoral; modest: Keep your language decent! مودبانه ˈdecency ♦ noun (the general idea of) what is proper, fitting, moral etc ; the quality or act of being decent: In the interests of decency, we have banned nude bathing; He had the decency to admit that it was his fault. شایستگی؛ بزرگواری ˈdecently ♦ adverb in a manner acceptable to the general idea of what is proper or suitable: You're not going out unless you're decently dressed. بطور شایسته؛ بطور مناسب
36
Catastrophic
[ˌkatəˈsträfik] adjective - catastrophic فاجعه انگیز: catastrophic مصیبت بار: catastrophic, calamitous, baleful
37
Slums
slum [slam] ♦ noun a group of houses, blocks of flats, street etc where the conditions are dirty and overcrowded and the building(s) usually in a bad state: That new block of flats is rapidly turning into a slum; a slum dwelling. حلبي آباد the slums the area(s) of a town etc where there are slums: As a social worker, she does a lot of work in the slums. منطقه فقيرنشين
38
Overpopulatiob
39
Urbanisation
The process by which more people leave the countryside to live in the city
40
Overcrowded
41
Accommodation
[əˌkäməˈdāSHən] noun - accommodation تطابق: accommodation, match, accordance, identity, likeness منزل: house, abode, accommodation, apartment, hearth, dwelling جا: place, room, space, case, seat, accommodation تطبیق: adjustment, match, adaptation, comparison, accommodation, conformation کمک: help, aid, assistance, helping, support, accommodation همسازی: harmony, compatibility, accommodation, symmetry وسایل راحتی: accommodation سازش با مقتضیات محیط: accommodation وام: loan, debt, accommodation مساعده: imprest, advance, advance money, accommodation