11:design And Innovation-building,engineering

Question 1

Innovation

Answer 1

noun - innovation
ابداع: innovation, introduction, authorship, novation
بدعت: innovation
تغییر: change, conversion, variation, shift, alteration, innovation
نو اوری: innovation
چیز تازه: novelty, innovation

Question 2

Concrete

Answer 2

♦ adjective
1 made of concrete: concrete slabs.
بتونی
2 able to be seen and felt; real or definite: A wooden table is a concrete object.
واقعی؛ ملموس

♦ noun
a mixture of cement with sand etc used in building.
بتون

♦ verb
to spread with concrete: We’ll have to concrete the garden path.
بتون ریزی کردن
ˈconcreteness
♦ noun
.
عینیت

Question 3

Brick

Answer 3

brick [brik]
♦ noun
(a block of) baked clay used for building: a pile of bricks; (also adjective ) a brick wall.
آجر
ˈbrickbat
♦ noun
an insult: They hurled brickbats at the politician throughout his speech.
توهین
ˈbricklayer
♦ noun
a person who builds (houses etc ) with bricks.
آجرچین

Question 4

Steel

Answer 4

steel [stiːl]
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
(of) a very hard alloy of iron and carbon, used for making tools etc : tools of the finest steel; steel knives/chisels; He had a grip of steel (= a very strong grip).
پولاد

♦ verb
to harden and strengthen (oneself, one’s nerves etc ) in preparation for doing, or resisting, something: He steeled himself to meet the attack / to tell his wife the truth.
پولادين كردن
ˈsteely
♦ adjective
hard, cold, strong or bright like steel.
پولادين
ˈsteeliness
♦ noun
.
پولادي
steel wool
a pad, ball etc of steel shavings used for scouring (pans etc ) and polishing.
گلوله پشمي براي تميزكاري
ˈsteelworks
♦ noun plural or noun singular
a factory where steel is made.
كارخانه توليد بخار

Question 5

Timber

Answer 5

timber [ˈtimbə]
♦ noun
1 wood, especially for building: This house is built of timber.
چوب
2 trees suitable for this: a hundred acres of good timber.
درختان
3 a wooden beam used in the building of a house, ship etc .
الوار؛ تیر

Question 6

Single-storey,two-storey,multi-storey/high rise

Answer 6

storey ˈstoːri story (plural ˈstories )
♦ noun
one of the floors or levels in a building: an apartment block of seventeen storeys.
طبقه
-storeyed, *-storied
A two-storied house is one with a ground floor and one floor above it.

Question 7

Cottage

Answer 7

noun - cottage
کلبه: cottage, hut, cabin, shanty, shack, hovel
خانه روستایی: cottage

Question 8

High rise

Answer 8

having many floors, having many stories, tall (about a building)

Question 9

Ceilings

Answer 9

ceiling [ˈsiːliŋ]
♦ noun
the inner roof (of a room etc ): Paint the ceiling before you paint the walls.
سقف

Question 10

Balcony

Question 11

Staircase

Answer 11

[ˈste(ə)rˌkās]
noun - staircase
راه پله: staircase
پله کان: staircase, stair
پاگرد: staircase
پله کان نردبانی: staircase

Question 12

An ornate home

Answer 12

[or·nate || ɔr’neɪt /ɔː’n-]
having excess decoration; showy, flamboyant; flowery or elaborate in literary style

Question 13

Cosy

Answer 13

cosy(American ) cozy [ˈkəuzi]
♦ adjective
warm and comfortable: a cosy chat; a cosy armchair.
گرم و نرم؛ گرم و دوستانه

♦ noun
a covering for a teapot (ˈtea-cosy) or for an egg (ˈegg-cosy), to keep it warm.
روقوری؛ دم کن
ˈcosily
♦ adverb
.
با راحتی؛ بطور گرم و نرم
ˈcosiness
♦ noun
.
راحتی؛ دنجی

Question 14

Ultra-modern

Question 15

State-of-the art

Answer 15

up to date, modern

Question 16

Cramped

Answer 16

cramp [krӕmp]
♦ noun
(a) painful stiffening of the muscles: The swimmer got cramp and drowned.
گرفتگی عضله

♦ verb
1 to put into too small a space: We were all cramped together in a tiny room.
چپاندن؛ انباشتن
2 to restrict; Lack of money cramped our efforts .
محدود کردن

Question 17

Conventional

Answer 17

adjective - conventional
قرار دادی: bespoke, conventional, contractual, arbitrary, formal, bespoken
مطابق ایین وقاعده: conventional
پیرو سنت ورسوم: conventional

Question 18

Spacious

Answer 18

adjective - spacious
جادار: spacious, roomy, capacious, commodious, large
وسیع: wide, large, vast, extensive, immense, spacious
فراخ: merry, wide, spacious, ample, capacious, gay
جامع: comprehensive, general, universal, plenary, encyclopaedic, spacious
گشاد: loose, wide, broad, capacious, slack, spacious
فضادار: spacious
مفصل: detailed, lengthy, long, ample, full, spacious

Question 19

Airy

Answer 19

adjective - airy
با روح: airy, soulful, snappy, spunky, brisk, slashing
هوایی: aerial, overhead, atmospheric, pneumatic, airy, aerobic
پوچ: absurd, null, empty, hollow, vain, airy
خود نما: ostentatious, posing, showy, sparking, foppish, airy
واهی: unrealistic, chimerical, delusive, unreal, unsubstantial, airy
هوا مانند: aeriform, airy

Question 20

Quarry

Answer 20

noun
[quar·ry || ‘kwɑrɪ ,’kwɔ- /’kwɒ-]
pit where stone is mined; game, animals which are hunted; prey, victim; thing which is chased, object of a pursuit; windowpane; rich source of something
verb
[quar·ry || ‘kwɑrɪ ,’kwɔ- /’kwɒ-]
hew, chisel; dig, excavate, mine; look for, seek

Question 21

Functional

Answer 21

having a purpose; useful, practical; working, functioning

Question 22

Build up

Answer 22

It is not used to talk about construction. It refers to increasing or developing sth
*he went to the gym to build up his muscles
*I had to build up the confidence to apply for the manager’s job

• not ::::: we need to build up a hospitalاین غلطه

Question 23

Lift

Question 24

Exterior

Answer 24

exterior [ikˈstiəriə]
♦ adjective
on or from the outside; outer: an exterior wall of a house.
بیرونی؛ خارجی

♦ noun
the outside (of something or someone): On the exterior she was charming, but she was known to have a violent temper.
ظاهر

Question 25

Prominently

Answer 25

آشکار-واضح

Question 26

Hoisted

Answer 26

hoist noun [hɔɪst] act of raising or lifting; something which is lifted or raised; apparatus which raises or lifts verb [hɔɪst] raise or lift up someone or something (especially with a mechanical apparatus

Question 27

Hauling

Answer 27

verb - haul کشیدن: drag, draw, pull, stretch, drain, drawl هل دادن: push, hitch, jog, poke, shove, hustle حمل کردن: carry, transport, bear, haul, portage, convey

Question 28

Lift shaft

Answer 28

کانال اسانسور

Question 29

Tension

Answer 29

noun - tension تنش: tension کشش: tension, traction, pull, draw, attraction, strain فشار: pressure, compression, press, push, stress, tension تشنج: convulsion, hysteria, tension, paroxysm, fit, spasm کشمکش: conflict, struggle, tension, bout, scuffle, tussle بحران: crisis, tension, acme سفتی: stiffness, hardness, rigidity, firmness, tightness, tension تیرگی: blur, darkness, gloom, turbidity, obscurity, tension تمدد: tension قوه انبساط: tension verb - tension تحت فشار قرار دادن: suppress, tension

Question 30

Trigger the device

Answer 30

[ˈtrigər] noun - trigger ماشه: trigger گیره: clamp, pin, pincer, cleat, pawl, trigger پاشنه: heel, stern, pivot, trigger, talon, heelpiece قلاب: hook, clasp, grappling, bracket, pullback, trigger ماشه اسلحه: trigger سنگ زیر چرخ: trigger چرخ نگهدار: trigger verb - trigger راه انداختن: trigger, operate رها کردن: drop, abandon, unleash, release, liberate, trigger ماشه کشیدن: trigger

Question 31

Skyscrapers

Question 32

Landmark

Answer 32

[ˈlan(d)ˌmärk] noun - landmark واقعه برجسته: landmark نشان اختصاصی: landmark, trait نقطه تحول تاریخ: landmark راهنما: guide, guidance, guideline, leader, advisor, landmark

Question 33

Entirely

Answer 33

totally, completely, absolutely

Question 34

Came up with the idea

Answer 34

Invented

Question 35

Hoisted

Answer 35

Lifted

Question 36

Hauling

Answer 36

Pulling

Question 37

Slack

Answer 37

Loss of tension

Question 38

Trigger

Answer 38

Activate

Question 39

Contraption

Answer 39

ˈtrӕpʃən] ♦ noun a strange machine or apparatus: He tried to fly over the Atlantic in a home-made contraption. دستگاه؛ ماشین Device

Question 40

Landmarks

Answer 40

Tall or distinctive features or buildings that help to locate where you are

Question 41

Condemn

Answer 41

3 to declare (a building) to be unfit to use: These houses have been condemned. کلنگی اعلام کردن؛ حکم خرابی صادر کردن Judge a building not to be safe

Question 42

Demolish

Answer 42

Knock down verb - demolish خراب کردن: ruin, destroy, take down, wreck, pull down, demolish ویران کردن: destroy, havoc, raze, rubble, demolish, devastate خرد کردن: grind, squelch, minify, smash, chop, demolish

Question 43

Develop

Answer 43

Build sth on a piece of land

Question 44

Devise

Answer 44

to invent; to put together: A shelter / new scheme was hurriedly devised. ساختن؛ ابداع کردن

Question 45

Maintain

Answer 45

Keep in good condition

Question 46

Occupy

Answer 46

Live in or use a space

Question 47

Reconstruct

Answer 47

Build again

Question 48

Renovate

Answer 48

Repair and make new again

Question 49

Tenant

Answer 49

tenant [ˈtenənt] ♦ noun a person who pays rent to another for the use of a house, building, land etc : That man is a tenant of the estate; (also adjective ) tenant farmers. مستاجر ˈtenanted ♦ adjective (negative untenanted ) occupied; lived in: a tenanted house. اشغال شده؛ پر

Question 50

Innovation, innovator(N) Innovate(V) Innovative(adj)