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Vocab For Ielts > 11:design And Innovation-building,engineering > Flashcards

11:design And Innovation-building,engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Innovation

A

noun - innovation
ابداع: innovation, introduction, authorship, novation
بدعت: innovation
تغییر: change, conversion, variation, shift, alteration, innovation
نو اوری: innovation
چیز تازه: novelty, innovation

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2
Q

Concrete

A

♦ adjective
1 made of concrete: concrete slabs.
بتونی
2 able to be seen and felt; real or definite: A wooden table is a concrete object.
واقعی؛ ملموس

♦ noun
a mixture of cement with sand etc used in building.
بتون

♦ verb
to spread with concrete: We’ll have to concrete the garden path.
بتون ریزی کردن
ˈconcreteness
♦ noun
.
عینیت

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3
Q

Brick

A

brick [brik]
♦ noun
(a block of) baked clay used for building: a pile of bricks; (also adjective ) a brick wall.
آجر
ˈbrickbat
♦ noun
an insult: They hurled brickbats at the politician throughout his speech.
توهین
ˈbricklayer
♦ noun
a person who builds (houses etc ) with bricks.
آجرچین

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4
Q

Steel

A

steel [stiːl]
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
(of) a very hard alloy of iron and carbon, used for making tools etc : tools of the finest steel; steel knives/chisels; He had a grip of steel (= a very strong grip).
پولاد

♦ verb
to harden and strengthen (oneself, one’s nerves etc ) in preparation for doing, or resisting, something: He steeled himself to meet the attack / to tell his wife the truth.
پولادين كردن
ˈsteely
♦ adjective
hard, cold, strong or bright like steel.
پولادين
ˈsteeliness
♦ noun
.
پولادي
steel wool
a pad, ball etc of steel shavings used for scouring (pans etc ) and polishing.
گلوله پشمي براي تميزكاري
ˈsteelworks
♦ noun plural or noun singular
a factory where steel is made.
كارخانه توليد بخار

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5
Q

Timber

A

timber [ˈtimbə]
♦ noun
1 wood, especially for building: This house is built of timber.
چوب
2 trees suitable for this: a hundred acres of good timber.
درختان
3 a wooden beam used in the building of a house, ship etc .
الوار؛ تیر

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6
Q

Single-storey,two-storey,multi-storey/high rise

A

storey ˈstoːri story (plural ˈstories )
♦ noun
one of the floors or levels in a building: an apartment block of seventeen storeys.
طبقه
-storeyed, *-storied
A two-storied house is one with a ground floor and one floor above it.

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7
Q

Cottage

A

noun - cottage
کلبه: cottage, hut, cabin, shanty, shack, hovel
خانه روستایی: cottage

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8
Q

High rise

A

having many floors, having many stories, tall (about a building)

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9
Q

Ceilings

A

ceiling [ˈsiːliŋ]
♦ noun
the inner roof (of a room etc ): Paint the ceiling before you paint the walls.
سقف

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10
Q

Balcony

A
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11
Q

Staircase

A

[ˈste(ə)rˌkās]
noun - staircase
راه پله: staircase
پله کان: staircase, stair
پاگرد: staircase
پله کان نردبانی: staircase

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12
Q

An ornate home

A

[or·nate || ɔr’neɪt /ɔː’n-]
having excess decoration; showy, flamboyant; flowery or elaborate in literary style

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13
Q

Cosy

A

cosy(American ) cozy [ˈkəuzi]
♦ adjective
warm and comfortable: a cosy chat; a cosy armchair.
گرم و نرم؛ گرم و دوستانه

♦ noun
a covering for a teapot (ˈtea-cosy) or for an egg (ˈegg-cosy), to keep it warm.
روقوری؛ دم کن
ˈcosily
♦ adverb
.
با راحتی؛ بطور گرم و نرم
ˈcosiness
♦ noun
.
راحتی؛ دنجی

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14
Q

Ultra-modern

A
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15
Q

State-of-the art

A

up to date, modern

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16
Q

Cramped

A

cramp [krӕmp]
♦ noun
(a) painful stiffening of the muscles: The swimmer got cramp and drowned.
گرفتگی عضله

♦ verb
1 to put into too small a space: We were all cramped together in a tiny room.
چپاندن؛ انباشتن
2 to restrict; Lack of money cramped our efforts .
محدود کردن

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17
Q

Conventional

A

adjective - conventional
قرار دادی: bespoke, conventional, contractual, arbitrary, formal, bespoken
مطابق ایین وقاعده: conventional
پیرو سنت ورسوم: conventional

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18
Q

Spacious

A

adjective - spacious
جادار: spacious, roomy, capacious, commodious, large
وسیع: wide, large, vast, extensive, immense, spacious
فراخ: merry, wide, spacious, ample, capacious, gay
جامع: comprehensive, general, universal, plenary, encyclopaedic, spacious
گشاد: loose, wide, broad, capacious, slack, spacious
فضادار: spacious
مفصل: detailed, lengthy, long, ample, full, spacious

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19
Q

Airy

A

adjective - airy
با روح: airy, soulful, snappy, spunky, brisk, slashing
هوایی: aerial, overhead, atmospheric, pneumatic, airy, aerobic
پوچ: absurd, null, empty, hollow, vain, airy
خود نما: ostentatious, posing, showy, sparking, foppish, airy
واهی: unrealistic, chimerical, delusive, unreal, unsubstantial, airy
هوا مانند: aeriform, airy

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20
Q

Quarry

A

noun
[quar·ry || ‘kwɑrɪ ,’kwɔ- /’kwɒ-]
pit where stone is mined; game, animals which are hunted; prey, victim; thing which is chased, object of a pursuit; windowpane; rich source of something
verb
[quar·ry || ‘kwɑrɪ ,’kwɔ- /’kwɒ-]
hew, chisel; dig, excavate, mine; look for, seek

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21
Q

Functional

A

having a purpose; useful, practical; working, functioning

22
Q

Build up

A

It is not used to talk about construction. It refers to increasing or developing sth
*he went to the gym to build up his muscles
*I had to build up the confidence to apply for the manager’s job

  • not ::::: we need to build up a hospitalاین غلطه
23
Q

Lift

A
24
Q

Exterior

A

exterior [ikˈstiəriə]
♦ adjective
on or from the outside; outer: an exterior wall of a house.
بیرونی؛ خارجی

♦ noun
the outside (of something or someone): On the exterior she was charming, but she was known to have a violent temper.
ظاهر

25
Q

Prominently

A

آشکار-واضح

26
Q

Hoisted

A

hoist
noun
[hɔɪst]
act of raising or lifting; something which is lifted or raised; apparatus which raises or lifts
verb
[hɔɪst]
raise or lift up someone or something (especially with a mechanical apparatus

27
Q

Hauling

A

verb - haul
کشیدن: drag, draw, pull, stretch, drain, drawl
هل دادن: push, hitch, jog, poke, shove, hustle
حمل کردن: carry, transport, bear, haul, portage, convey

28
Q

Lift shaft

A

کانال اسانسور

29
Q

Tension

A

noun - tension
تنش: tension
کشش: tension, traction, pull, draw, attraction, strain
فشار: pressure, compression, press, push, stress, tension
تشنج: convulsion, hysteria, tension, paroxysm, fit, spasm
کشمکش: conflict, struggle, tension, bout, scuffle, tussle
بحران: crisis, tension, acme
سفتی: stiffness, hardness, rigidity, firmness, tightness, tension
تیرگی: blur, darkness, gloom, turbidity, obscurity, tension
تمدد: tension
قوه انبساط: tension
verb - tension
تحت فشار قرار دادن: suppress, tension

30
Q

Trigger the device

A

[ˈtrigər]
noun - trigger
ماشه: trigger
گیره: clamp, pin, pincer, cleat, pawl, trigger
پاشنه: heel, stern, pivot, trigger, talon, heelpiece
قلاب: hook, clasp, grappling, bracket, pullback, trigger
ماشه اسلحه: trigger
سنگ زیر چرخ: trigger
چرخ نگهدار: trigger
verb - trigger
راه انداختن: trigger, operate
رها کردن: drop, abandon, unleash, release, liberate, trigger
ماشه کشیدن: trigger

31
Q

Skyscrapers

A
32
Q

Landmark

A

[ˈlan(d)ˌmärk]
noun - landmark
واقعه برجسته: landmark
نشان اختصاصی: landmark, trait
نقطه تحول تاریخ: landmark
راهنما: guide, guidance, guideline, leader, advisor, landmark

33
Q

Entirely

A

totally, completely, absolutely

34
Q

Came up with the idea

A

Invented

35
Q

Hoisted

A

Lifted

36
Q

Hauling

A

Pulling

37
Q

Slack

A

Loss of tension

38
Q

Trigger

A

Activate

39
Q

Contraption

A

ˈtrӕpʃən]
♦ noun
a strange machine or apparatus: He tried to fly over the Atlantic in a home-made contraption.
دستگاه؛ ماشین

Device

40
Q

Landmarks

A

Tall or distinctive features or buildings that help to locate where you are

41
Q

Condemn

A

3 to declare (a building) to be unfit to use: These houses have been condemned.
کلنگی اعلام کردن؛ حکم خرابی صادر کردن

Judge a building not to be safe

42
Q

Demolish

A

Knock down

verb - demolish
خراب کردن: ruin, destroy, take down, wreck, pull down, demolish
ویران کردن: destroy, havoc, raze, rubble, demolish, devastate
خرد کردن: grind, squelch, minify, smash, chop, demolish

43
Q

Develop

A

Build sth on a piece of land

44
Q

Devise

A

to invent; to put together: A shelter / new scheme was hurriedly devised.
ساختن؛ ابداع کردن

45
Q

Maintain

A

Keep in good condition

46
Q

Occupy

A

Live in or use a space

47
Q

Reconstruct

A

Build again

48
Q

Renovate

A

Repair and make new again

49
Q

Tenant

A

tenant [ˈtenənt]
♦ noun
a person who pays rent to another for the use of a house, building, land etc : That man is a tenant of the estate; (also adjective ) tenant farmers.
مستاجر
ˈtenanted
♦ adjective
(negative untenanted ) occupied; lived in: a tenanted house.
اشغال شده؛ پر

50
Q

Innovation, innovator(N)
Innovate(V)
Innovative(adj)

A

Vocab For Ielts (18 decks)

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