14 causes Flashcards
mechanical injury (mechanial cardiac valves)
intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia
intracellular parasites (malaria)
intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia
extracellular toxins (clostridial enzymes
intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia
complement fixation (mismatched blood transfusion)
intravasc hemolysis –> hemolytic anemia
parvovirus 19
causes aplastic crisis if already:
- hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
- sickle cell anemia
- B thalassemia major
EBV
- causes hemolytic crisis if already hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
- Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
Fava beans
oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency
drugs (Quinidine)
oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency
infection
oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency
inflamm
oxidative stress –>G6PD deficiency
Mediterranean, Africa, SE asia
Bthalassemia
drugs (penicillins, cephalosporins, a-methyldopa)
Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia
autoimmune disorders (esp SLE)
Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia
lymphoid neoplasms
Warm Ab Type of immunohemolytic anemia
mycoplasma pneumonia
Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
CMV
Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
influenza virus
Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
HIV
- Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
- Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
B cell neoplasms
Cold Agglutinin type of immunohemolytic anemia
children post-viral infection
Cold Hemolysin type of Immunohemolytic Anemias
prosthetic cardiac valves
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
DIC –>microangiopathic Ds.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
TTP/HUS–> microangiopathic Ds.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
malig HTN –> microangiopathic Ds.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
SLE –> microangiopathic Ds.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
disseminated CA–> microangiopathic Ds.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia d/t trauma
AI gastritis
pernicious anemia
folic acid deficiency
pernicious anemia
scandanavian
pernicious anemia
Achlorhydria
vitB12 deficiency
= (impairs B12 release from food).
Gastrectomy
- vitB12 deficiency: bc causes loss of IF
- -iron deficient anemia
Loss of exocrine pancreas function
vitB12 deficiency (impairs B12 release from haptocorrin).
Loss of pepsin secretion
vitB12 deficiency
Resection of the terminal ileum
vitB12 deficiency
Malabsorption syndromes (including fish tapeworms Diphyllobothrium latum)
vitB12 deficiency
Increased requirements (pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, disseminated cancer, chronic infection).
- vitB12 deficiency
- folate deficiency
- -iron deficient anemia
overcooking green veggies
folate deficiency
alocholism
folate deficiency
-Alcoholism may lead to trapping folate in the liver, urinary loss and altered metabolism.
old, poor, teens, infants
- folate deficiency
- iron deficient anemia
celiac dis
- folate deficiency
- iron deficient anemia
phenytoin
folate deficiency
OCT
folate deficiency
methotrexate
folate deficiency
steatorrhea, chronic drh
-iron deficient anemia
external hemorrhage or bleeding into the GI or GU tracts
-iron deficient anemia
hospitalized pts
anemia of chronic dis
Chronic microbial infections (osteomyelitis, bacterial endocarditis, lung abscesses)
anemia of chronic dis
Chronic immune disorders (RA, regional arteritis).
anemia of chronic dis
Neoplasms (lung, breast, Hodgkin’s lymphoma).
anemia of chronic dis
radiatino
aplastic anemia
drugs: chemo, benzene
aplastic anemia
hepatitis D, E
aplastic anemia
thymoma
pure red cell aplasia
large granular lymphocytic leukemia
pure red cell aplasia
parvovirus B19
pure red cell aplasia
metastatic carcinoma
- pure red cell aplasia
- myelophthisic anemia
spent phase MPS
pure red cell aplasia
Water deprivation
relative polycythemia
Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
relative polycythemia
Excessive diuretic use
relative polycythemia
high altitudes/hypoxia
- absolute polycythemia: secoandary
- DIC from causing endothelial injury
HIF1α stabilization
absolute polycythemia: secoandary
Inection:
- meningococcemia
- septicemia
- infective endocarditis
- rickettsiose
- Neisseria
Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities
Scurvy, ehlers-danos Syndrome, Cushings Synd
Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities
=d/t collagen loss
Henoch-schonlein Purpura
Bleeding Disorder: Vessel Wall Abnormalities
SLE
- Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- DIC from causing endothelial injury
CLL
Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
quinidine (malaria drugs)
Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia
vancomycin
Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia
Children or elderly with E. Coli O157:H7 dysentery (beef).
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
obstetric complications
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
damaged tissue following trauma
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
leukemic cells in acute promyelocytic leukemia
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
burns or surgery
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
granules of , mucus from adenocarcinomas.
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
Endotoxins
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
Ag-Ab complexes, in response to infxn
DIC (bc trigger TF into circ)
acidosis
-DIC from causing endothelial injury
infectionsL meningococci , ridkettsiae
-DIC from causing endothelial injury
IgA deficiency
allergic reaction to transfusion