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Respiratory > 13.2/3 Anatomy of the Thorax (HARC) (Thymus, Trachea, Oesophagus, Aorta, Nerves) > Flashcards

13.2/3 Anatomy of the Thorax (HARC) (Thymus, Trachea, Oesophagus, Aorta, Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

THYMUS is Important in the DEVELOPMENT OF..

A

the EARLY IMMUNE SYSTEM

  • Production and Maturation of T CELLS
    (adaptive immunity)
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2
Q

what is mostly found in the CORTEX of the THYMUS

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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3
Q

composition of the MEDULLA of the THYMUS

A

FEWER Lymphocytes

  • MORE EPITHELIAL CELLS
  • HASSALL’S CORPUSCLES
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4
Q

what can be used to identify THYMUS (to look for)

A

HASSALL’S CORPUSCLES
(group of epithelial cells)

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5
Q

is the THYMUS anterior or posterior

A

ANTERIOR

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6
Q

LOCATION of THYMUS

A

ANTERIOR portion of the
SUPERIOR and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM (ANTERIOR mediastinum)
(space in chest that holds heart and other important structures / manubrium and sternum)
(sits across both superior and inferior)

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7
Q

where can the UPPER APEX of the THYMUS be found

A

by the Thyroid Gland

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8
Q

INFERIOR part of THYMUS can EXTEND as far as..

A

PERICARDIAL SAC

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9
Q

how is the THYMUS in CHILDREN

A

LARGEST in RELATION to BODY SIZE

  • most needed for development of adaptive immunity)
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10
Q

what does THYMUS undergo AFTER PUBERTY

A

INVOLUTION (SHRINKAGE)

(a lot replaced by fat)

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11
Q

what Separates the SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

A

LINE where the MANUBRIUM (superior) and STERNUM (inferior) MEET
- STERNAL ANGLE

above sternal angle: Superior Mediastinum
below sternal angle: Inferior Mediastinum

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12
Q

INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM is further DIVIDED into 3:

A
  • ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
  • MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
  • POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
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13
Q

which part of INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM would you find THYMUS

A

ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM

(with Superior Mediastinum)

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14
Q

TRACEA lies … to OESOPHAGUS

A

ANTERIOR

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15
Q

how does the OESOHAGUS remain ATTACHED to Posterior wall of TRACHEA

A

connected by LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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16
Q

why are C-SHAPED CARTILAGINOUS RINGS (NOT COMPLETE) of TRACHEA useful for OESOPHAGUS

A

allow it to fit and
CHANGE SHAPE so FOOD can PASS DOWN

complete ring would compress against oesophagus

(trachealis muscle filling gap)

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17
Q

OESOPHAGUS Deviates towards which SIDE

A

LEFT

(attachment to stomach is LEFT)

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18
Q

where is the THYMUS in relation to STERNUM

A

POSTERIOR

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19
Q

what is the name of the MAIN ARTERIAL TRUNK that delivers OXYGENATED BLOOD from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the TISSUES of the BODY

A

AORTA

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20
Q

AORTA delivers OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM… to..

A

LEFT VENTRICLE (HEART)
to
Tissues of BODY

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21
Q

AORTA Divided into:

A
  • ASCENDING AORTA
  • ARCH OF THE AORTA
  • DESCENDING AORTA
22
Q

ASCENDING AORTA is … to TRACHEA

A

ANTERIOR

(trachea posterior to ascending aorta)

23
Q

what does the ASCENDING AORTA give rise to

A

left and right CORONARY ARTERIES

  • supply oxygenated blood to Heart
24
Q

which ARTERIES does the ARCH OF THE AORTA give rise to

A
  • BRACHIOCEPHALIC
  • LEFT COMMON CAROTID
  • LEFT SUBCLAVIAN
25
how does the ARCH OF THE AORTA move in relation to the Trachea
POSTERIOR and to the LEFT
26
LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY comes from...
ARCH OF THE AORTA
27
LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY comes from ...
ARCH OF THE AORTA
28
where does the DESCENDING AORTA (Thoracic) lie
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM (Inferior mediastinum)
29
at what Level does the DESCENDING AORTA PASS Behind the DIAPHRAGM
T12
30
DESCENDING AORTA PASSES BEHIND DIAPHRAGM at T12 to become the..
ABDOMINAL AORTA
31
DESCENDING AORTA passes in front of or behind the DIAPHRAGM to become ABDOMINAL AORTA?
BEHIND Diaphragm
32
ABDOMINAL AORTA comes from the..
DESCENDING AORTA
33
RIGHT and LEFT BRACIOCEPHALIC VEINS come together to make the..
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
34
which NERVE INNERVATES the DIAPHRAGM
PHRENIC NERVE
35
what type of NERVES does the PHRENIC NERVE ORIGINATE
* CERVICAL nerves
36
which spinal nerves do the PHRENIC NERVE ORIGINATE from
C3, C4, C5 (C3,4,5 KEEP THE DIAPHRAGM ALIVE)
37
CERVICAL NERVES for PHRENIC NERVE pass through the ... into the Thorax
SUPERIOR APERTURE
38
How is the MOTOR FUNCTION of the DIAPHRAGM supplied
PHRENIC NERVE is the ONLY SOURCE OF MOTOR FUNCTION to the Diaphragm therefore important
39
PHRENIC NERVE is SENSORY to...
CENTRAL part of DIAPHRAGM PERICARDIUM (sac that heart sits in) MEDIASTINAL PARIETAL PLEURA
40
how does the PHRENIC NERVE Pass in relation to the HILUM OF THE LUNG
ANTERIOR to the hilum of the lung
41
what passes POSTERIORLY to the HILUM OF THE LUNG
VAGUS NERVE
42
what passes ANTERIORLY to the HILUM OF THE LUNG
PHRENIC NERVE
43
which NERVE INNERVATES the MUSCLES (intrinsic) and MUCOSA of the LARYNX
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
44
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE is a BRANCH of which nerve
VAGUS NERVE
45
which MUSCLES & MUCOSA does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INNERVATE
ALL INTRINSIC MUSCLES of LARYNX - EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID & SENSORY to MUCOSA BELOW VOCAL CORDS
46
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INNERVATES the MUCOSA BELOW the...
VOCAL CORDS
47
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE innervates all LARYNX INTRINSIC MUSCLES EXCEPT..
CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE
48
on the RIGHT where does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE come back up from under
RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
49
on the LEFT where does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE come back up from under
ARCH of the AORTA
50
RECURRENT laryngeal nerve is recurrent due to the Development of the..
PHARYNGEAL ARCHES
51
at which PHARYNGEAL ARCH is the SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE
4TH
52
at which PHARYNGEAL ARCH is the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
6TH

Respiratory (16 decks)

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