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Respiratory > 13.2/3 Anatomy of the Thorax (HARC) (Thymus, Trachea, Oesophagus, Aorta, Nerves) > Flashcards

13.2/3 Anatomy of the Thorax (HARC) (Thymus, Trachea, Oesophagus, Aorta, Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

THYMUS is Important in the DEVELOPMENT OF..

A

the EARLY IMMUNE SYSTEM

  • Production and Maturation of T CELLS
    (adaptive immunity)
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2
Q

what is mostly found in the CORTEX of the THYMUS

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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3
Q

composition of the MEDULLA of the THYMUS

A

FEWER Lymphocytes

  • MORE EPITHELIAL CELLS
  • HASSALL’S CORPUSCLES
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4
Q

what can be used to identify THYMUS (to look for)

A

HASSALL’S CORPUSCLES
(group of epithelial cells)

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5
Q

is the THYMUS anterior or posterior

A

ANTERIOR

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6
Q

LOCATION of THYMUS

A

ANTERIOR portion of the
SUPERIOR and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM (ANTERIOR mediastinum)
(space in chest that holds heart and other important structures / manubrium and sternum)
(sits across both superior and inferior)

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7
Q

where can the UPPER APEX of the THYMUS be found

A

by the Thyroid Gland

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8
Q

INFERIOR part of THYMUS can EXTEND as far as..

A

PERICARDIAL SAC

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9
Q

how is the THYMUS in CHILDREN

A

LARGEST in RELATION to BODY SIZE

  • most needed for development of adaptive immunity)
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10
Q

what does THYMUS undergo AFTER PUBERTY

A

INVOLUTION (SHRINKAGE)

(a lot replaced by fat)

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11
Q

what Separates the SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

A

LINE where the MANUBRIUM (superior) and STERNUM (inferior) MEET
- STERNAL ANGLE

above sternal angle: Superior Mediastinum
below sternal angle: Inferior Mediastinum

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12
Q

INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM is further DIVIDED into 3:

A
  • ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
  • MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
  • POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
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13
Q

which part of INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM would you find THYMUS

A

ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM

(with Superior Mediastinum)

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14
Q

TRACEA lies … to OESOPHAGUS

A

ANTERIOR

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15
Q

how does the OESOHAGUS remain ATTACHED to Posterior wall of TRACHEA

A

connected by LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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16
Q

why are C-SHAPED CARTILAGINOUS RINGS (NOT COMPLETE) of TRACHEA useful for OESOPHAGUS

A

allow it to fit and
CHANGE SHAPE so FOOD can PASS DOWN

complete ring would compress against oesophagus

(trachealis muscle filling gap)

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17
Q

OESOPHAGUS Deviates towards which SIDE

A

LEFT

(attachment to stomach is LEFT)

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18
Q

where is the THYMUS in relation to STERNUM

A

POSTERIOR

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19
Q

what is the name of the MAIN ARTERIAL TRUNK that delivers OXYGENATED BLOOD from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the TISSUES of the BODY

A

AORTA

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20
Q

AORTA delivers OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM… to..

A

LEFT VENTRICLE (HEART)
to
Tissues of BODY

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21
Q

AORTA Divided into:

A
  • ASCENDING AORTA
  • ARCH OF THE AORTA
  • DESCENDING AORTA
22
Q

ASCENDING AORTA is … to TRACHEA

A

ANTERIOR

(trachea posterior to ascending aorta)

23
Q

what does the ASCENDING AORTA give rise to

A

left and right CORONARY ARTERIES

  • supply oxygenated blood to Heart
24
Q

which ARTERIES does the ARCH OF THE AORTA give rise to

A
  • BRACHIOCEPHALIC
  • LEFT COMMON CAROTID
  • LEFT SUBCLAVIAN
25
Q

how does the ARCH OF THE AORTA move in relation to the Trachea

A

POSTERIOR and to the LEFT

26
Q

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY comes from…

A

ARCH OF THE AORTA

27
Q

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY comes from …

A

ARCH OF THE AORTA

28
Q

where does the DESCENDING AORTA (Thoracic) lie

A

POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM (Inferior mediastinum)

29
Q

at what Level does the DESCENDING AORTA PASS Behind the DIAPHRAGM

A

T12

30
Q

DESCENDING AORTA PASSES BEHIND DIAPHRAGM at T12 to become the..

A

ABDOMINAL AORTA

31
Q

DESCENDING AORTA passes in front of or behind the DIAPHRAGM to become ABDOMINAL AORTA?

A

BEHIND Diaphragm

32
Q

ABDOMINAL AORTA comes from the..

A

DESCENDING AORTA

33
Q

RIGHT and LEFT BRACIOCEPHALIC VEINS come together to make the..

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

34
Q

which NERVE INNERVATES the DIAPHRAGM

A

PHRENIC NERVE

35
Q

what type of NERVES does the PHRENIC NERVE ORIGINATE

A
  • CERVICAL nerves
36
Q

which spinal nerves do the PHRENIC NERVE ORIGINATE from

A

C3, C4, C5

(C3,4,5 KEEP THE DIAPHRAGM ALIVE)

37
Q

CERVICAL NERVES for PHRENIC NERVE pass through the … into the Thorax

A

SUPERIOR APERTURE

38
Q

How is the MOTOR FUNCTION of the DIAPHRAGM supplied

A

PHRENIC NERVE is the ONLY SOURCE OF MOTOR FUNCTION to the Diaphragm

therefore important

39
Q

PHRENIC NERVE is SENSORY to…

A

CENTRAL part of DIAPHRAGM
PERICARDIUM (sac that heart sits in)
MEDIASTINAL PARIETAL PLEURA

40
Q

how does the PHRENIC NERVE Pass in relation to the HILUM OF THE LUNG

A

ANTERIOR to the hilum of the lung

41
Q

what passes POSTERIORLY to the HILUM OF THE LUNG

A

VAGUS NERVE

42
Q

what passes ANTERIORLY to the HILUM OF THE LUNG

A

PHRENIC NERVE

43
Q

which NERVE INNERVATES the MUSCLES (intrinsic) and MUCOSA of the LARYNX

A

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE

44
Q

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE is a BRANCH of which nerve

A

VAGUS NERVE

45
Q

which MUSCLES & MUCOSA does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INNERVATE

A

ALL INTRINSIC MUSCLES of LARYNX
- EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID

& SENSORY to MUCOSA BELOW VOCAL CORDS

46
Q

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INNERVATES the MUCOSA BELOW the…

A

VOCAL CORDS

47
Q

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE innervates all LARYNX INTRINSIC MUSCLES EXCEPT..

A

CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE

48
Q

on the RIGHT where does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE come back up from under

A

RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

49
Q

on the LEFT where does the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE come back up from under

A

ARCH of the AORTA

50
Q

RECURRENT laryngeal nerve is recurrent due to the Development of the..

A

PHARYNGEAL ARCHES

51
Q

at which PHARYNGEAL ARCH is the SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

A

4TH

52
Q

at which PHARYNGEAL ARCH is the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE

A

6TH

Respiratory (16 decks)

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