13.1 Anatomy of the THORAX (HARC) (Thyroid, Lymph, Veins) Flashcards
because THYROID is an ENDOCRINE organ it is..
HIGHLY VASCULAR
where is the THYROID found
C5-T1
THYROID BASE sits on which TRACHEAL RING
4TH / 5TH
what can occur of THYROID tissue
ECTOPIC TISSUE (not where its supposed to be)
traces can be found from origin - FORAMEN CAECUM of TONGUE
THYROID Origin
FORAMEN CAECUM
THYROID C CELLS secrete
CALCITINON
what STIMULATES THYROID to secrete T3 and T4
TSH from ANTERIOR PITUITARY
THYROID allows for REGULATION of..
- WEIGHT
- ENERGY levels
- internal TEMPERATURE
- SKIN
- HAIR
- NAIL growth
PARATHYROID GLANDS role
secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE to stimulate CALCIUM UPTAKE
THYROID HORMONES stimulates an INCREASE in..
METABOLISM
- causes INCREASE in OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
what do THYROID HORMONES INCREASE in TARGET CELLS
RESPONSIVENESS to CATECHOLAMINES
(Sympathetic Nervous System and Suprarenal Glands)
effect of THYROID HORMONES on HEART
INCREASE HEART RATE
- to circulate Catecholamines
- INCREASE in FORCE of CONTRACTIONS
what is produced as a result of THYROID action
HEAT
RESPONSE to HEAT PRODUCTION by THYROID action
VASODILATION of BLOOD VESSELS to Cool down
how does THYROID impact OXYGEN
INCREASE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
how does THYROID impact BLOOD VESSELS
VASODILATION of blood vessels to COOL DOWN
- after HEAT production
what can you get in HYPOTHYROIDISM
- SHORTNESS of BREATH
- PLEURAL EFFUSION (build up of fluid between pleura - around lungs)
- SLOW PULSE
- PERICARDIAL EFFUSION (build up fluid in pericardium - around heart)
what can you get in HYPERTHYROIDISM
ARRYTHMIA (Abnormal Heart Rhythm)
TACHYCARDIA (HIGH Heart rate - over 100 bpm)
where does THYROID DEVELOPMENT BEGIN and what as
FORAMEN CAECUM
- as THYROGLOSSAL DUCT
when does the THYROGLOSSAL DUCT arrive at TRACHEA
WEEK 7
when should THYROGLOSSAL DUCT REGRESS in Embryology
WEEK 10
may persist and cause Cysts or Fistula
ARTERIES of the THYROID
- SUPERIOR THRYOID ARTERY
- INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY
VEINS of the THYROID
- SUPERIOR THYROID VEIN
- MIDDLE THYROID VEIN
- INFERIOR THYROID VEIN
how many THYROID VEINS
3
where does the SUPERIOR THRYOID ARTERY come from
EXTERNAL CAROTID Artery
where does the INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY come from
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
- THYROCERVICAL TRUNK (more specific)
where does the SUPERIOR THYROID VEIN come from
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
where does the MIDDLE THYROID VEIN come from
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
where does the INFERIOR THYROID VEIN come from
BRACIOCEPHALIC Vein
which THYROID ARTERY comes from the THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
INFERIOR Thyroid Artery
(SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY)
which THYROID VEINS come from the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
SUPERIOR and MIDDLE Thyroid Veins
which THYROID Artery comes from SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
INFERIOR Thyroid Artery
which THYROID VEIN comes from the BRACIOCEPHALIC VEIN
INFERIOR Thyroid Vein
which THYROID ARTERY comes from the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
SUPERIOR Thyroid Artery
SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY comes from which CAROTID ARTERY
EXTERNAL
MUSCLES in NECK - surrounding THYROID
- STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (big)
- STERNOTHYROID
- STERNOHYOID
- OMOHYOID
NECK COMPARTMENTS are bound by..
PRETRACHEAL FASCIA
- separates things
and surrounds neck muscles
where does the PRETRACHEAL FASCIA go from and to
HYOID BONE to PERICARDIUM (around heart)
PRETRACHEAL FASCIA has 2 COMPARTMENTS
MSUCULAR and VISCERAL
whats in the VISCERAL COMPARTMENT of the PRETRACHEAL FASCIA
THYROID
TRACHEA
OESOPHAGUS
what is the name of the CONNECTION / COMMUNICATION of the THORAX with the ROOT of the NECK
SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE / THORACIC OUTLET
(opening at top of thoracic cavity)
what does the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE allow
allows STRUCTURES to PASS TO/FROM NECK and UPPER LIMB (/in or out of thorax)
ie Trachea, Oesophagus, Veins, Arteries
BOUNDARIES of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
- T1
- MEDIAL margin of 1ST RIB
- SUPERIOR border of MANUBRIUM (upper part of sternum)
which Vertebra level is a BOUNDARY of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
T1
which MARGIN of the 1ST RIB is a BOUNDARY of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
MEDIAL MARGIN of 1st RIB
MEDIAL MARGIN of which RIB is a BORDER of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
1ST RIB
SUPERIOR BORDER of what is a BOUNDARY of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
MANUBRIUM
SUPERIOR BORDER of what is a BOUNDARY of the SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
MANUBRIUM (Sternum)
what are LYMPH VESSELS VITAL for
help TRANSPORT and FILTER EXCESS FLUID (LYMPH)
before RETURNING it to VENOUS CIRCULATION
LYMPH passes through LYMPHOID TISSUES and Organs to..
FILTER
and PRESENT TO IMMUNE CELLS
which ORGANS contain LYMPHATIC TISSUE that help in BLOOD FILTERING and MATURATION of LYMPHOCYTES
SPLEEN
THYMUS
BONE MARROW
TONSILS, PEYERS PATCHES (small intestines), APPENDIX
what does LYMPHATIC TISSUE help
BLOOD FILTERING
& MATURATION of LYMPHOCYTES
LYMPHATIC DUCTS for DRAINAGE
- RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
(Right upper body : face, arm, thorax) - THORACIC DUCT (left upper and all below abdomen)
which major part of the LYMPHATICS System DRAINS INTO the THORACIC DUCT from the ABDOMEN
CYSTERNA CHYLI
role of LYMPH NODES
FILTER FOREIGN PARTICLES
SHAPE of LYMPH NODES
KIDNEY SHAPED
approx how many LYMPH NODES in body and where are they mostly found
400-500
- mostly Abdomen
LYMPH NODES 2 VESSELS:
- AFFERENT (bring lymph)
- EFFERENT (carry away)
What CELLS are found in LYMPH NODES
B and T LYMPHOCYTES
(exposed to FLUID as it passes through)
what CELLS can you see at the SINUSES of the LYMPH NODES and what do they do
MACROPHAGES
- FILTER Particles as lymph passes through
what causes LYMPH NODES to SWELL
if bigger immune response
- RECRUITMENT of MORE LYMPHOCYTES
how do AFFERENT VESSELS of LYMPH NODES ensure no backflow of fluid
have VALVES
what do EFFERENT VESSELS of LYMPH NODES drain towards
LYMPHATIC TRUNKS before either
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT or THORACIC DUCT
which LYMPHATICS/AREAS of the LUNG DRAIN INTO LYMPH NODES
SUPERFICIAL / SUBPLEURAL
and
DEEP LYMPHATICS
what are the LYMPH NODES that LUNG LYMPHATICS DRAIN INTO called
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL NODES
where do you find the TRACHEOBRONCHIAL NODES
around the ROOTS of the LOBAR
and MAIN BRONCHI
and ALONG the SIDES of the TRACHEA
as a group where do the TRACHEOBRONCHIAL NODES EXTEND FROM
WITHIN the LUNG,
THROUGH HILUM and ROOT,
INTO POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
is the AZYGOUS VEIN Paired
NOT PAIRED
where does the AZYGOUS S VEIN RECEIVAE drainage from
LOWER 8 POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEINS,
RIGHT SUPERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEINS,
HEMIAZYGOUS VEINS
what does the AZYGOUS VEIN DRAIN INTO
SVC - SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
which side are the HEMIAZYGOUS (‘half unpaired) VEINS on
LEFT
which side is the AZYGOUS VEIN on
RIGHT
where does the ACCESSORY (SUPERIOR) HEMIAZYGOUS VEIN receive from
4TH - 7TH/8TH (upper)
LEFT POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEINS
where does the HEMIAZYGOUS (INFERIOR) VEIN receive from
8TH/9TH - 12TH (lower)
LEFT POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL NERVES
ACCESSORY HEMIAZYGOUS and HEMIAZYGOUS VEINS DRAIN INTO…
AZYGOUS VEIN
which INTERCOSTAL VEINS does the AZYGOUS VEIN Receive from
LOWER 8 POSTERIOR
& RIGHT SUPERIOR
what does the SVC RECEIVE from
AZYGOUS VEIN
how many THYROID ARTERIES
only 2
(superior, inferior)
where does LYMPH from the RIGHT HAND UPPER LIMB, HEAD and NECK DRAIN INTO
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
the LUNGS DRAIN LYMPH into which group of NODES FIRST
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL
