1.2.7 Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts

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2
Q

What is the shape of an enzyme?

A

They are a 3D shape, with a depression called the active site

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3
Q

Describe the lock-and-key theory

A

Molecules with a complementary shape can fit into the active site. The substrate forms temporary bonds with the amino acids, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This produces a product, leaving the enzyme unchanged.

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4
Q

Describe the induced fit theory

A

When the substrate enters the active site, the enzyme slightly changes shape, fitting more closely. When the product is released, the enzyme returns to its original shape.

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5
Q

What is activation energy?

A

It is the energy needed to break bonds between molecules to start the reaction

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6
Q

How do enzymes affect the activation energy?

A

Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed. The active site is electrically charged, assisting the breaking of bonds.

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7
Q

What happens to the rate of reaction as the enzyme concentration increases?

A

It continually increases, as more enzyme-substrate complexes are made

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8
Q

What happens to the rate of reaction as the substrate concentration increases?

A

It increases until there are no more enzymes to form complexes with

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