1.1.9 Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Cx(H2O)n

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

A single sugar unit

Question 3

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 3

Two single sugar units joined together in a condensation reaction

Question 4

What is a polysaccharie?

Answer 4

Long straight or branched chains of sugar units

Question 5

How many carbons do monosaccharides commonly have?

Answer 5

6 carbons, known as hexrose sugars

Question 6

What are the three most common monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 7

Where is glucose most commonly found?

Answer 7

Glucose is the main sugar used by cells in respiration

Question 8

Where is galactose found?

Answer 8

Galactose is found in milk

Question 9

Where is fructose found?

Answer 9

Fructose occurs naturally in fruit, vegetables and honey

Question 10

What is removed during a condensation reaction?

Answer 10

H2O is removed

Question 11

What bonds are formed between two monosaccharides?

Answer 11

The bonds are known as glycosidic bonds

Question 12

What are the three common disaccharides?

Answer 12

Sucrose, maltose and lactose

Question 13

What makes up sucrose?

Answer 13

Glucose and fructose

Question 14

What makes up maltose?

Answer 14

Glucose and glucose

Question 15

What makes up lactose?

Answer 15

Glucose and galactose

Question 16

In what reaction can glycosidic bonds be broken?

Answer 16

Glycosidic bonds can be broken in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 17

What can be done to milk to make it acceptable for someone who is lactose intolerant?

Answer 17

The enzyme lactase can be added to convert lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 18

What two things are starch made up of?

Answer 18

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 19

Why is starch an excellent storage molecule?

Answer 19

It has a spiral structure

Question 20

Starch also has branches. What does this mean?

Answer 20

It means it is easier to hydrose and it is more accessible