1.1.9 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the general formula of carbohydrates?
Cx(H2O)n
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar unit
What is a disaccharide?
Two single sugar units joined together in a condensation reaction
What is a polysaccharie?
Long straight or branched chains of sugar units
How many carbons do monosaccharides commonly have?
6 carbons, known as hexrose sugars
What are the three most common monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose, fructose
Where is glucose most commonly found?
Glucose is the main sugar used by cells in respiration
Where is galactose found?
Galactose is found in milk
Where is fructose found?
Fructose occurs naturally in fruit, vegetables and honey
What is removed during a condensation reaction?
H2O is removed
What bonds are formed between two monosaccharides?
The bonds are known as glycosidic bonds
What are the three common disaccharides?
Sucrose, maltose and lactose
What makes up sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What makes up maltose?
Glucose and glucose
What makes up lactose?
Glucose and galactose
In what reaction can glycosidic bonds be broken?
Glycosidic bonds can be broken in a hydrolysis reaction
What can be done to milk to make it acceptable for someone who is lactose intolerant?
The enzyme lactase can be added to convert lactose into glucose and galactose
What two things are starch made up of?
Amylose and amylopectin
Why is starch an excellent storage molecule?
It has a spiral structure
Starch also has branches. What does this mean?
It means it is easier to hydrose and it is more accessible
