12.2 Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 1

• Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors.

Main Symptoms - Impairment of social interaction, impairment of communication and imaginative activity, and restricted activities and interests.

Types
- Rett’s Disorder
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder
- Asperger’s Disorder

S/S
- Withdrawal of child into the self into a fantasy world of their own creation
- Impaired social interactions and communication
- Restricted activity and interests

Question 2

Impairment in Social Interaction

Answer 2

• Difficulty forming relationships
• Show little interest in others and do not respond to others attempts at interaction
• Attachment to parents may be absent
• Less cooperative play, less imaginative play, fewer friendships.

Question 3

Impairment in Communication

Answer 3

• Both verbal and non-verbal skills are affected
• Language may be affected
• Language may only be understood by those who know the child well
• Facial expressions or gestures may be absent or inappropriate

Question 4

Restricted Activities and Interest

Answer 4

• Extreme fascination with moving objects or spin
• Clapping, rocking, body-swaying and repetitive words are typical.
• May only eat specific foods
• Head banging can cause injury

Question 5

Interventions

Answer 5

• Work with child one on one, give positive reinforcement, and assist child in recognizing separateness.

Question 6

Medications

Answer 6

• Used to treat aggression (not targeted at ASD)

Aggression medications
- Risperidone
- Aripiprazole