12 Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

amnesty

Answer 1

pardon

Question 2

black codes

Answer 2

a series of laws passed by Southern legislatures, which severely limited African Americans’ rights in the South

Question 3

carpetbagger

Answer 3

name given to Northern whites who moved South after the war and supported Republicans

Question 4

Civil Rights Act

Answer 4

1866 law that granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States except Native Americans

Question 5

Compromise of 1877

Answer 5

the method used to reach an outcome in the 1876 presidential election

Question 6

crop liens

Answer 6

allowed merchants to take sharecroppers’ crops if sharecroppers could not pay their debts

Question 7

debt peonage

Answer 7

a condition that trapped sharecroppers on the land because they could not make enough money to pay off their debts and leave

Question 8

Election of 1866

Answer 8

election during which the Republicans achieved a three-to-one majority in Congress

Question 9

Election of 1876

Answer 9

election during which Hayes defeated Tilden for the presidency without winning a majority of the popular vote

Question 10

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 10

amendment to the Constitution that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States

Question 11

freedmen

Answer 11

freed African Americans

Question 12

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 12

bureau established by Congress to help freed African Americans adjust to their new freedom

Question 13

furnishing merchant

Answer 13

country stores and local suppliers who provided sharecroppers with their supplies

Question 14

graft

Answer 14

gaining money illegally through politics

Question 15

Hiram Revels

Answer 15

first African American elected to the Senate

Question 16

Horace Greeley

Answer 16

newspaper publisher and 1872 presidential candidate for the Liberal Republicans

Question 17

impeach

Answer 17

to bring charges of a crime against a government official

Question 18

Joseph Rainey

Answer 18

first African American elected to the House of Representatives

Question 19

Ku Klux Klan Act

Answer 19

law that outlawed the activities of the Ku Klux Klan

Question 20

Military Reconstruction Act

Answer 20

law passed by Congress that divided the Confederacy into five military districts

Question 21

Panic of 1873

Answer 21

an economic crisis that started when a series of bad railroad investments forced a powerful banking firm to declare bankruptcy

Question 22

pocket veto

Answer 22

the rejection of a bill by the president by leaving the bill unsigned until after Congress adjourns

Question 23

Radical Republicans

Answer 23

a group of Republicans who opposed Lincoln’s plan to bring the South back into the Union

Question 24

Reconstruction

Answer 24

the rebuilding after the Civil War

Question 25

scalawag

Answer 25

name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South

Question 26

sharecroppers

Answer 26

farmers who paid a share of their crops to cover their rent and the equipment they needed

Question 27

sin tax

Answer 27

tax on alcohol and tobacco

Question 28

tenant farmers

Answer 28

farmers who paid rent for the land they farmed

Question 29

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 29

law that required the Senate to approve the removal of any government official whose appointment had required the Senate’s consent

Question 30

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 30

a Radical Republican who did not want to reconcile with the South

Question 31

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 31

a plan for Reconstruction drawn up as an alternative to Lincoln’s plan

Question 32

Whiskey Ring

Answer 32

a scandal in which government officials and distillers cheated the government out of millions of dollars by filing false tax reports

Question 33

William Belknap

Answer 33

Grant’s secretary of war; accepted bribes from merchants operating at army posts in the West

Question 34

12.1 Explain why the efforts to provide African Americans with their own land failed?

Answer 34

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Question 35

12.2 What actions by the Radical Republicans were intended to protect the civil rights of African Americans?

Answer 35

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Question 36

12.3 Describe how some white Southerners reacted to the Republican Party gaining power in the South.

Answer 36

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Question 37

12.4 What factors contributed to improving the economy of the South after Reconstruction?

Answer 37

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