03 Colonial Ways of Life, 1607-1763

Question 1

cash crop

Answer 1

crop grown primarily for market

Question 2

plantations

Answer 2

large commercial estates where many workers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowner

Question 3

indentured servant

Answer 3

person who agreed to work for an employer in the colonies in exchange for passage to America

Question 4

Eliza Lucas

Answer 4

discovered suitable conditions for growing indigo, which became an important cash crop for South Carolina

Question 5

gentry

Answer 5

the wealthy landowners in the South

Question 6

subsistence farming

Answer 6

system of farming in which farmers produce only enough crops to feed themselves and their families

Question 7

William Berkeley

Answer 7

governor of Virginia

Question 8

Royal African Company

Answer 8

English trading company that engaged in the slave trade

Question 9

Middle Passage

Answer 9

the journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to America

Question 10

slave code

Answer 10

a set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people

Question 11

Grand Banks

Answer 11

a shallow region in the Atlantic Ocean teeming with fish

Question 12

fall line

Answer 12

the area where rivers descend from a high elevation to a lower one, causing waterfalls

Question 13

town meetings

Answer 13

meetings in New England in which town residents met to discuss problems and issues

Question 14

selectmen

Answer 14

men chosen to manage the affairs of New England towns

Question 15

meetinghouse

Answer 15

the name given to Puritan churches

Question 16

bills of exchange

Answer 16

credit slips used by New England and English merchants

Question 17

triangular trade

Answer 17

a three-way trade established by New England merchants

Question 18

artisans

Answer 18

skilled workers who manufactured various goods

Question 19

entrepreneurs

Answer 19

businesspeople who risk their money to earn a profit

Question 20

capitalists

Answer 20

people who invest their money in new businesses

Question 21

mercantilism

Answer 21

a set of ideas about the world economy and how it works

Question 22

Charles II

Answer 22

King of England who wanted to generate wealth for England by regulating trade in the colonies

Question 23

James II

Answer 23

King of England who continued to assert royal authority over American colonies

Question 24

Dominion of New England

Answer 24

a royal province created from the merger of Connecticut and Rhode Island with Massachusetts and Plymouth

Question 25

Glorious Revolution

Answer 25

the bloodless change of power that occurred in England when William and Mary became the monarchs

Question 26

natural rights

Answer 26

rights that all people are born with

Question 27

Cotton Mather

Answer 27

a Puritan leader who helped inoculate Bostonians against smallpox

Question 28

Pennsylvania Dutch

Answer 28

German immigrants in Pennsylvania

Question 29

Stono Rebellion

Answer 29

rebellion by enslaved people against white slaveholders in South Carolina

Question 30

Enlightenment

Answer 30

a movement that challenged the authority of the church in science and philoso- phy while elevating the power of human reason

Question 31

Great Awakening

Answer 31

a religious movement that stressed dependence on God and gained appeal among farmers, workers, and enslaved people

Question 32

rationalism

Answer 32

an emphasis on logic and reasoning

Question 33

John Locke

Answer 33

one of the earliest and most influential Enlightenment writers; thought that people were born equal, with three natural rights–life, liberty, and property

Question 34

Montesquieu

Answer 34

political philosopher who believed in separation of powers in government

Question 35

pietism

Answer 35

a movement that stressed an individual’s devoutness and an emotional union with God

Question 36

revivals

Answer 36

large public meetings for preaching and prayer

Question 37

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 37

preacher of the Great Awakening; known for strongly Calvinist sermons

Question 38

George Whitefield

Answer 38

preacher of the Great Awakening