02 Colonizing America, 1519-1733

Question 1

conquistador

Answer 1

a Spanish explorer in the Americas

Question 2

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 2

Spanish army captain who conquered the Inca empire

Question 3

presidio

Answer 3

a Spanish fort

Question 4

Popé

Answer 4

Native American religious leader who organized an uprising against the Spanish

Question 5

hidalgos

Answer 5

low-ranking nobles

Question 6

encomienda

Answer 6

a system of rewarding conquistadors by giving them control of Native American villages

Question 7

hacienda

Answer 7

a huge ranch in New Spain

Question 8

vaquero

Answer 8

Spanish cowhand

Question 9

Northwest Passage

Answer 9

the northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean

Question 10

coureur de bois

Answer 10

French fur traders

Question 11

John Cabot

Answer 11

Englishman who explored North America for England

Question 12

Puritans

Answer 12

people who wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Catholic elements

Question 13

joint-stock company

Answer 13

company that pooled the money of many investors for big projects

Question 14

privateer

Answer 14

privately owned ships licensed by the government to attack ships of other countries

Question 15

Walter Raleigh

Answer 15

Englishman who sent an expedition that established a colony in Roanoke

Question 16

Powhatan Confederacy

Answer 16

Native American group that lived in the area of Jamestown

Question 17

burgesses

Answer 17

representatives to Virginia’s legislative body

Question 18

headright

Answer 18

a system whereby land was given to settlers to entice them to go to Virginia

Question 19

proprietary colony

Answer 19

a colony governed by the proprietor, or owner, of the colony

Question 20

Separatists

Answer 20

Puritans who broke away from the Anglican Church to form their own congregations

Question 21

Pilgrims

Answer 21

a group of Separatists who fled to America to escape persecution

Question 22

William Bradford

Answer 22

a leader of the Plymouth colony

Question 23

Squanto

Answer 23

a Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive

Question 24

John Winthrop

Answer 24

a Puritan who helped establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question 25

Massachusetts Bay Company

Answer 25

a company granted a charter to create a colony in New England

Question 26

Great Migration

Answer 26

the emigration of thousands of people from England

Question 27

heretics

Answer 27

people whose religious beliefs differ from those accepted by the majority

Question 28

Roger Williams

Answer 28

founder of the town of Providence

Question 29

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 29

founder of the town of Portsmouth

Question 30

English Civil War

Answer 30

a war between the armies of the English Parliament and those of the English King

Question 31

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 31

commander of Parliament’s army who seized power in England

Question 32

Maryland Toleration Act

Answer 32

the act that granted religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland

Question 33

Restoration

Answer 33

the return of Charles II to the English throne

Question 34

Henry Hudson

Answer 34

English navigator who explored the Hudson River valley for the Dutch in 1609

Question 35

William Penn

Answer 35

a Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania

Question 36

pacifism

Answer 36

opposition to war or violence as a means to settle disputes

Question 37

James Oglethorpe

Answer 37

founder of the colony of Georgia