08 The Spirit of Reform, 1828-1845

Question 1

abolition

Answer 1

an immediate end

Question 2

American Antislavery Society

Answer 2

organization that worked for emancipation

Question 3

American Colonization Society

Answer 3

they wanted to move African Americans to Africa

Question 4

benevolent society

Answer 4

organization that focused on spreading God’s word and solving social problems

Question 5

caucus system

Answer 5

a system of selecting presidential candidates in which members of a political party chose the nominee for president

Question 6

Charles Grandison Finney

Answer 6

a preacher of the Second Great Awakening

Question 7

Daniel Webster

Answer 7

senator from Massachusetts and opponent of nullification

Question 8

Dorothea Dix

Answer 8

a reformer who worked to improve conditions for the mentally ill

Question 9

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 9

woman reformer in the antislavery movement who organized the first women’s rights convention

Question 10

emancipation

Answer 10

freeing of all enslaved people

Question 11

Force Bill

Answer 11

law that authorized the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress

Question 12

Frederick Douglass

Answer 12

an African American abolitionist

Question 13

gradualism

Answer 13

an approach to end slavery gradually

Question 14

Horace Mann

Answer 14

a leader of the public education movement

Question 15

Indian Removal Act

Answer 15

law that provided money to relocate Native Americans

Question 16

John C. Calhoun

Answer 16

vice president of the United States and proponent of the idea of nullification

Question 17

Joseph Smith

Answer 17

founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism)

Question 18

Know-Nothings

Answer 18

a nativist political party

Question 19

Lyman Beecher

Answer 19

a minister who preached the power of individuals to improve themselves and society

Question 20

nativism

Answer 20

feelings of hostility toward foreigners

Question 21

nullification

Answer 21

the idea that states have the right to declare a federal law null, or not valid

Question 22

Panic of 1837

Answer 22

economic crisis in which many banks and businesses failed, thousands of farmers lost their land, and unemployment soared

Question 23

penitentiary

Answer 23

name given to prisons during the prison reform movement

Question 24

romanticism

Answer 24

a movement that advocated feeling over reason and the individual above society

Question 25

secede

Answer 25

to withdraw

Question 26

Second Great Awakening

Answer 26

a movement in the early 1800s to revive Americans’ commitment to religion

Question 27

spoils system

Answer 27

the practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support

Question 28

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 28

tariff of 1828 that made imports extremely expensive

Question 29

temperance

Answer 29

moderation in the consumption of alcohol

Question 30

Trail of Tears

Answer 30

forced march of the Cherokee in Georgia to Arkansas and Oklahoma, during which thousands died

Question 31

transcendentalism

Answer 31

a philosophy that urged people to overcome the limits of their minds and to embrace the beauty of the universe

Question 32

utopia

Answer 32

an ideal society

Question 33

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 33

an abolitionist and founder of the antislavery newspaper, the Liberator

Question 34

8.1 In what ways did the US become more democratic during Jackson’s presidency?

Answer 34

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Question 35

8.2 What religious denominations increased their influence in the US during the Second Great Awakening?

Answer 35

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Question 36

8.3 How did the Second Great Awakening affect the reform movements of the mid-1800s?

Answer 36

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Question 37

8.4 Which individuals helped build support for abolition, and what did they do to win that support?

Answer 37

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