06 Federalists and Republicans, 1789-1816 Flashcards
cabinet
a group of advisers to the president
Tariff of 1789
a tax on imports to raise revenue for the federal government
bonds
paper notes promising to repay money after a certain length of time with interest
speculators
people willing to take a risk in hopes of a future financial gain
enumerated powers
powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution
implied powers
powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but necessary for the government to do its job
Bank of the United States
a national bank
Whiskey Rebellion
a protest by farmers against the government’s tax on whiskey
agrarianism
the belief that the strength of a country is in its independent farmers
Jay’s Treaty
a treaty signed in 1794 between the United States and Great Britain that prevented war between the two countries
most-favored nation
status given to a nation that guarantees no discrimination in trade with that nation
Pinckney’s Treaty
a treaty signed in 1795 that granted the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi
Washington’s Farewell Address
President Washington’s letter to the American people in which he warned them against sectionalism
Quasi-War
an undeclared war at sea fought in 1798 between France and the United States
Alien and Sedition Acts
four laws that included giving the president the right to deport aliens and made criticism of the government a criminal act
alien
people living in a country who are not citizens
sedition
incitement to rebellion
interposition
the theory that said a state could step in between the federal government and the people to stop the federal government from doing something unconstitutional
nullification
the theory that said the states had the right to declare a federal law invalid if they considered the law unconstitutional
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, responsible for making the Supreme Court a powerful independent branch of the government
judicial review
the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional and to strike down those laws that were not
Louisiana Purchase
land purchased from France in 1803 that more than doubled the size of the United States and gained U.S. control of the entire Mississippi River
Meriwether Lewis
Jefferson’s private secretary and leader of the Corps of Discovery
William Clark
leader of the Corps of Discovery
Sacagawea
a Shoshone woman who joined the Lewis and Clark expedition of the Louisiana Territory
Zebulon Pike
explorer of the Louisiana Territory who mapped much of the upper Mississippi and provided a description of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains
impressment
a legalized form of kidnapping
embargo
a government ban on trade with other countries
Non-Intercourse Act
a law passed to force the British to stop seizing American ships
War Hawks
those who supported war with Britain
Tecumseh
a Shawnee leader who worked for Native American resistance against encroachment on Native American lands
William Henry Harrison
governor of the Indiana Territory
Oliver Perry
commodore whose ships attacked the British fleet on Lake Erie
Hartford Convention
a meeting that called for constitutional amendments to increase New England’s political power
nationalism
feelings of strong patriotism
Treaty of Ghent
treaty that ended the War of 1812
