10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies, 1848-1877 Flashcards
Charles Sumner
Massachusetts senator and abolitionist, who was attacked in the Senate cham- bers by a pro-slavery member of the House of Representatives
Confederacy
the new nation declared by the seceding Southern states
Conscience Whigs
Northern Whigs who opposed slavery
Cotton Whigs
Northern Whigs who supported the South and slavery
Crittenden’s Compromise
compromise proposed to stop the further secession of Southern states
Dred Scott
an enslaved man who argued that he should be free because he was taken to a free territory; his case went to the Supreme Court
Forty-Niners
people who went to California in 1849 to search for gold
Free-Soil Party
a political party who opposed the spread of slavery in the western territories
Freeport Doctrine
Stephen Douglas’s statement that slavery could be excluded in a territory if people refused to pass the laws needed to regulate and enforce slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
law that required citizens to help catch runaway slaves
Gadsden Purchase
strip of land purchased from Mexico that today is part of southern Arizona and New Mexico
Harriet Tubman
a conductor of the Underground Railroad
insurrection
a rebellion
Jefferson Davis
president of the Confederacy
John Bell
Constitutional Union Party candidate in 1860 presidential election
John C. Breckinridge
vice president of the United States and Southern Democrat candidate for president in 1860 election
Kansas-Nebraska Act
bill proposed by Stephen Douglas to allow popular sovereignty in the ter- ritories of Kansas and Nebraska, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise
Know-Nothings
an anti-Catholic and nativist political party
Lecompton Constitution
drafted by a Kansan pro-slavery legislature that legalized slavery in Kansas
Lewis Cass
Michigan senator who proposed that citizens of each new territory be allowed to decide whether to permit slavery in the territory
martial law
the situation in which the military takes control of an area, replacing civilian authorities and suspending certain civil rights
popular sovereignty
the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting whether to allow slavery in the territory
referendum
popular vote
Republican Party
a political party formed in 1854 as an antislavery party
secession
the withdrawal of states from the Union
transcontinental railroad
railroad that connected the West Coast to the rest of the country
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the horrors of slavery
Underground Railroad
an organized system for helping enslaved persons escape
Wilmot Proviso
a part of a bill that proposed that slavery not be allowed in any territory gained from Mexico
10.1 Summarize how Americans responded to the idea of popular sovereignty.
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10.2 Explain how the transcontinental railroad intensified the slavery issue.
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10.3 List the two rulings in Dred Scott v Sanford that increased sectional divisiveness.
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10.4 How did Lincoln prevent Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland from seceding?
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