11 The Civil War, 1861-1865 Flashcards
Robert E. Lee
senior officer in the United States Army, who joined the Confederacy as a military leader
greenback
green-colored paper money that was created as a national currency in 1862
Copperheads
a group of Northern Democrats, known as Peace Democrats, who opposed the war
conscription
the drafting of people for military service
habeas corpus
a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial
James Mason
permanent minister sent to Britain as a representative of the Confederacy
John Slidell
permanent minister sent to France as a representative of the Confederacy
Trent Affair
situation in which a Union warship intercepted the British ship Trent and arrested Mason and Slidell
attrition
the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources
Anaconda Plan
Union strategy that included a blockade of Confederate ports and sending gunboats on the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy
Stonewall Jackson
commander of the Confederate Army in the First Battle of Bull Run
Irwin McDowell
commander of the Union Army in the First Battle of Bull Run
bounty
a sum of money given as a bonus
blockade runners
small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past the Union blockade
David G. Farragut
daring commander of the Union navy
Ulysses S. Grant
Union general; elected US president in 1868
George B. McClellan
Union general; stopped Lee at Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
a decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863
54th Massachusetts
the first African American regiment officially organized in the North
hardtack
a hard biscuit made of wheat flour
Elizabeth Blackwell
the first female physician in the United States, started nation’s first nurses training program
United States Sanitary Commission
an organization that provided medical assistance and supplies to army camps and hospitals
Clara Barton
a nurse on the Civil War battlefields; goes on to found the American Red Cross
Henry Wirz
ommandant of the military prison in Andersonville and the only person executed for war crimes during the Civil War
Benjamin Grierson
led cavalry on a raid through Mississippi, enabling General Grant to land Union troops south of Vicksburg
foraging
searching and raiding for food
siege
to cut food and supplies and bombard a city until its defenders give up
Ambrose Burnside
commander of the Union army; replaced McClellan
Joseph Hooker
commander of the Union army; replaced Burnside
George Meade
commander of the Union army; replaced Hooker
Pickett’s Charge
Confederate attack on Union troops in Gettysburg
William Tecumseh Sherman
Union general in the Battle of Chattanooga
Philip Sheridan
Union general who led cavalry raid near Richmond
Sherman neckties
nickname given to the twisted steel left behind when the Union destroyed Atlanta’s railroads
March to the Sea
General Sherman’s march across Georgia to Savannah
pillage
to loot
mandate
a clear sign from voters that they support a certain policy
Thirteenth Amendment
amendment to the Constitution that banned slavery in the United States
Appomattox Courthouse
place of General Lee’s surrender to General Grant
John Wilkes Booth
actor who assassinated President Lincoln
11.1 How did a belief in states’ rights hamper the South during the war?
[blank]
11.3 State the two factors that contributed to a food shortage in the South during the Civil War.
[blank]
11.4 Explain why the Union victory at Gettysburg was so important.
[blank]
11.5 How did Northern military strategy change after General Ulysses S. Grant took command of the Union army?
[blank]
