11 The Civil War, 1861-1865

Question 1

Robert E. Lee

Answer 1

senior officer in the United States Army, who joined the Confederacy as a military leader

Question 2

greenback

Answer 2

green-colored paper money that was created as a national currency in 1862

Question 3

Copperheads

Answer 3

a group of Northern Democrats, known as Peace Democrats, who opposed the war

Question 4

conscription

Answer 4

the drafting of people for military service

Question 5

habeas corpus

Answer 5

a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial

Question 6

James Mason

Answer 6

permanent minister sent to Britain as a representative of the Confederacy

Question 7

John Slidell

Answer 7

permanent minister sent to France as a representative of the Confederacy

Question 8

Trent Affair

Answer 8

situation in which a Union warship intercepted the British ship Trent and arrested Mason and Slidell

Question 9

attrition

Answer 9

the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources

Question 10

Anaconda Plan

Answer 10

Union strategy that included a blockade of Confederate ports and sending gunboats on the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy

Question 11

Stonewall Jackson

Answer 11

commander of the Confederate Army in the First Battle of Bull Run

Question 12

Irwin McDowell

Answer 12

commander of the Union Army in the First Battle of Bull Run

Question 13

bounty

Answer 13

a sum of money given as a bonus

Question 14

blockade runners

Answer 14

small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past the Union blockade

Question 15

David G. Farragut

Answer 15

daring commander of the Union navy

Question 16

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 16

Union general; elected US president in 1868

Question 17

George B. McClellan

Answer 17

Union general; stopped Lee at Antietam

Question 18

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 18

a decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863

Question 19

54th Massachusetts

Answer 19

the first African American regiment officially organized in the North

Question 20

hardtack

Answer 20

a hard biscuit made of wheat flour

Question 21

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 21

the first female physician in the United States, started nation’s first nurses training program

Question 22

United States Sanitary Commission

Answer 22

an organization that provided medical assistance and supplies to army camps and hospitals

Question 23

Clara Barton

Answer 23

a nurse on the Civil War battlefields; goes on to found the American Red Cross

Question 24

Henry Wirz

Answer 24

ommandant of the military prison in Andersonville and the only person executed for war crimes during the Civil War

Question 25

Benjamin Grierson

Answer 25

led cavalry on a raid through Mississippi, enabling General Grant to land Union troops south of Vicksburg

Question 26

foraging

Answer 26

searching and raiding for food

Question 27

siege

Answer 27

to cut food and supplies and bombard a city until its defenders give up

Question 28

Ambrose Burnside

Answer 28

commander of the Union army; replaced McClellan

Question 29

Joseph Hooker

Answer 29

commander of the Union army; replaced Burnside

Question 30

George Meade

Answer 30

commander of the Union army; replaced Hooker

Question 31

Pickett’s Charge

Answer 31

Confederate attack on Union troops in Gettysburg

Question 32

William Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 32

Union general in the Battle of Chattanooga

Question 33

Philip Sheridan

Answer 33

Union general who led cavalry raid near Richmond

Question 34

Sherman neckties

Answer 34

nickname given to the twisted steel left behind when the Union destroyed Atlanta’s railroads

Question 35

March to the Sea

Answer 35

General Sherman’s march across Georgia to Savannah

Question 36

pillage

Answer 36

to loot

Question 37

mandate

Answer 37

a clear sign from voters that they support a certain policy

Question 38

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 38

amendment to the Constitution that banned slavery in the United States

Question 39

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 39

place of General Lee’s surrender to General Grant

Question 40

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 40

actor who assassinated President Lincoln

Question 41

11.1 How did a belief in states’ rights hamper the South during the war?

Answer 41

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Question 42

11.3 State the two factors that contributed to a food shortage in the South during the Civil War.

Answer 42

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Question 43

11.4 Explain why the Union victory at Gettysburg was so important.

Answer 43

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Question 44

11.5 How did Northern military strategy change after General Ulysses S. Grant took command of the Union army?

Answer 44

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