1.2 equality Flashcards
What is equality of opportunity?
every person should be able to have the same opportunities in life
What is basic/simple equality?
everyone has the same amount of goods BUT this doesn’t work because everyone has different needs and don’t need the same things
What is equality of need?
equality is best achieved by satisfying people’s needs
- solves the problem of simple equality
What is equality of desert?
goods should be distributed to the extent that people deserve them, like a meritocracy
What is eqaulity of utility?
entitlement to equal wellbeing and those things that bring about said wellbeing
What is Nozick’s Equality of rights?
‘what’s mine is mine to do with as I wish’ BUT each individual must respect and protect the rights of the other to do the same
What are Christian views on gender equality?
two main approaches:
1) complementarian = a traditional view e.g Genesis 2:23 - women are created as a helpmate, reject contraception and abortion and reject a female clergy
2) egalitarian = argue for complete equality, accept a female clergy, Genesis 1:27 - all created in the image of God
What was Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s view on gender equality?
Christian churches’ attitudes towards women as key contributers to female oppresssion
- She published ‘The Woman’s Bible’ = discussing the scriptural treatment of women
What was Simone de Beauvoir’s view on gender equality?
- there is a difference between an individual’s biological sex and their gender, which is defined by society
- women have been placed in a role by society
- thought that men and women’s differences shouldn’t prevent them from being equal
What did John Locke and John Stuart Mill say about gender equality?
they defended the rights of women and men to the freedom of speech and action
- In ‘On Liberty’, Mill argues that people should be free to do what they want, as long as they don’t harm others = the harm principle
What does the Bible say about racism?
Gal 3:28 = ‘For you are all one in Christ Jesus’
Lev 19:34 = ‘treat the stranger who sojourns with you as the native among you, and you shall love him as yourself’
Ex 21:20-21 = a man who beats his slave to death will be punished, but if he lives that is fine
Eph 6:6 = ‘bondservants, obey your earthly master with fear and trembling, with a sincere heart, as you would Christ’
What does the church say about racism?
ALL churches argue that racism+discrimination have no place in the religion or the church
What is direct racism?
an individual is treated less favourably or not given equal opportunities due to their skin colour or ethnicity
What is indirect racism?
where particular policies or practices disadvantage a community or section of society
What is institutional racism?
racism within the key institutions of society, includes government organisations or the police
What did Martin Luther King believe about racism?
a key leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the US in the 60s
- formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference where he lectured around the US
- known for his pacifism - which Malcolm X rejected
- After the March on Washington and his famous I Have A Dream speech = US government passed the Civil Rights Act bringing an end to legally sanctioned racial segregation
What does the Bible say about disability?
Lev 26:14-16 = ‘I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting diseases + fever that will destroy your sight…’
Lev 21:16-23 = ‘none of your offspring throughout their generations who has a blemish may approach to offer the bread of God’
2 Samuel 9 = Mephibosheth couldn’t walk, David was meant to kill him but treated him as an honoured guest
What are Christian attitudes towards disability?
Catholic Church = pilgrimage to Lourdes for healing
In some denominations, disability is still linked with sin - people are being sent to prayer camps
What was Joni Eareckson Tada’s views on disability?
argues that suffering has value
- sees her condition as a gift that allowed her to do things that she would’ve never done before
“he has chosen not to heal me, but to hold me”
How is disability defined?
a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses or activities
- the condition has a substantial and long term negative effect on a person’s ability to do normal daily activities
How does the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation define disability?
disability isn’t in the impairment that a person faces BUT the social exclusion it causes
What did the Equality Act 2010 do for disability?
provides legal rights in:
- buying/renting land
- employment
- education
- access to goods
- protects the carer/parent too
