12. Analysis, Italian Terms and Signs Flashcards
1
Q
What does accelerando mean?
A
Becoming quicker.
2
Q
When counting the number of measures in a piece - what is the effect of a repeat sign?
A
A repeat sign will not affect the number of measures.
3
Q
When all repeat signs are observed, how many measures of music are played?
A
Double the measures between the repeat signs.
4
Q
What are the steps in naming the key of a melody?
A
Look at the Key Signature.
Check for the raised 7th note of the harmonic minor key to determine if the key is major or minor.
Check the last note of the piece - the piece will often end on the Tonic.
5
Q
What are the steps for determining the Time Signature?
A
Look for the easiest measure.
Write the time signature in both clefts.
6
Q
What are the steps when identifying triads?
A
Place the notes in root position - all lines or all spaces.
The bottom note names the root.
7
Q
What are the two methods of writing triads?
A
Broken or solid.
8
Q
What are the steps in determining whether a triad is Major or minor?
A
Write the triad in root position.
The bottom note names the key.
If the root to the 3rd is a Major third, the triad is Major.
If the root to the 3rd is a minor third, the triad is minor.
9
Q
What are the steps in naming the position of a chord?
A
First place the chord in root position.
- if the notes are all lines or all spaces, it is in root position
- if the bottom note is the 3rd, it is in first inversion.
- if the bottom note is the 5th, it is in second inversion.
10
Q
What are the steps in identifying intervals?
A
Count all the lines and all the spaces.
Check for any Clef changes. (Treble to Bass in the upper staff or Bass to a Treble in the lower staff)
Check for any accidentals in the measure that would affect the note.
11
Q
What is Duple Time in simple and compound time?
A
Simple - 2/4
Compound - 6/8
12
Q
What is Triple Time in simple and compound time.
A
Simple - 3/4
Compound - 9/8
13
Q
What is Quadruple Time in simple and compound time?
A
Simple - 4/4
Compound - 12/8
14
Q
What is the a Basic Beat?
A
The one note that is equal to one beat.
15
Q
What is the pulse?
A
Where the rhythmic emphasis falls.
16
Q
What can join a weak pulse?
A
A strong pulse or a medium pulse.
17
Q
What can a weak pulse join?
A
Nothing.
18
Q
What is an interval?
A
The distance in pitch between two notes.
19
Q
What is inverting an interval?
A
Turning the interval upside down.
20
Q
What is the combined number of the interval and it’s conversion?
A
Nine
21
Q
When inverting intervals, what do the following intervals become:
- Major
- minor
- Augmented
- Diminished
- Perfect
A
Major becomes minor Minor becomes Major Augmented becomes Diminished Diminished becomes Augmented Perfect remains Perfect
22
Q
What are the two types of intervals??
A
Harmonic and melodic.
23
Q
What does the bottom note of an interval do?
A
Names the Major key.
24
Q
What is a triad?
A
A three note chord.
25
What are the four elements when identifying a triad ?
- the Root (name )
- the position (root, 1st inv or 2nd inv)
- the type (Major or minor)
- the form (solid or broken)
26
How is the root or name of the triad determined?
By the bottom note when in root position (all lines or all spaces)
27
How is the position of a triad determined?
By the location of the Root within the triad,
28
What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the root?
Root position.
29
What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the third above the root?
1st inversion.
30
What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the 5th above the root?
2nd inversion.
31
How is the type or quality of a triad determined?
By the intervals in the root position triad.
32
What are the row forms of triads and how are they played?
Solid - notes played together
| Broken - one note played after the other
33
What is the meaning of marcato, marc?
Marked or stressed.
34
What is the meaning of accent?
A stressed note,
35
What is the meaning of legato?
Smooth
36
What is the meaning of slur?
Play the notes legato.
37
What is the meaning of leggiero?
Light, nimble, quic.
38
What is the meaning of staccato?
Play the notes sharply detached.
39
What is the meaning of tenuto?
Hold, sustained
40
What is the meaning of crescendo?
Becoming louder
41
What is the meaning of decrescendo?
Becoming softer
42
What is the meaning of diminuendo?
Becoming softer
43
What is the meaning of forte?
Loud
44
What is the meaning of fortepiano?
Loud then suddenly soft.
45
What is the meaning of fortissimo?
Very loud
46
What is the meaning of mezzo forte?
Moderately load
47
What is the meaning of mezzo piano?
Moderately soft
48
What is the meaning of piano?
Soft
49
What is the meaning of pianissimo?
Very soft
50
What is the meaning of alla,all?
In the manner of
51
What is the meaning of assai?
Much, very much
52
What is the meaning of ben, bene?
Well
53
What is the meaning of col, coll', colla, colle?
With
54
What is the meaning of con?
With
55
What is the meaning of e, ed?
And
56
What is the meaning of ma?
But
57
What is the meaning of molto?
Much, very
58
What is the meaning of non?
Not
59
What is the meaning of non troppo?
Not too much
60
What is the meaning of piu?
More
61
What is the meaning of poco?
Little
62
What is the meaning of poco a poco?
Little by little
63
What is the meaning of quasi?
Almost, as if
64
What is the meaning of sempre?
Always, continuously
65
What is the meaning of senza?
Without
66
What is the meaning of troppo?
Too much
67
What is the meaning of D.C.?
Da capa, from the beginning
68
What is the meaning of D.S.?
Dal sego, from the sign
69
What is the meaning of fermata?
A pause, hold the note or rest longer than tie written value
70
What is the meaning of M.D?
Mano destra, right hand
71
What is the meaning of M.S.?
Mana sinistra, left hand
72
What is the meaning of M.M.?
Maelzel's metronome
73
What is the meaning of 8va.......(down line)?
Play nor octave above the written pitch
74
What is the meaning of 8va......(up line)?
Play one octave below the written pitch.
75
What is the meaning of Ped.?
Pedale, with pedal
76
What is the meaning of opposing thick and thin bar lines and dots in the 2nd and 3rd spaces?
Repeat signs: repeat the music within the double bar lines.
77
What is the meaning of a curved line below or above two note heads on the same line or space?
Tie, hold for the combined value of the ties notes.
78
What is the meaning of tie?
Hold for the combined value of the tied notes.
79
What is the meaning of animato?
Lively, animated
80
What is the meaning of brillante?
Brillant
81
What is the meaning of cantabile?
In a singing style
82
What is the meaning of con brio?
With vigor, spirt
83
What is the meaning of con espressione?
With expression
84
What is the meaning of dolce?
Sweet, gentle
85
What is the meaning of espressivo, espress?
Expressive, with expression
86
What is the meaning of grazioso?
Graceful
87
What is the meaning of maestoso?
Majestic
88
What is the meaning of tranquillo?
Quiet, tranquil
89
What is the meaning of spiritoso?
Spirited
90
What is the meaning of con pedale, con ped?
With pedal
91
What is the meaning of tre corde?
Three strings, release the left pedal
92
What is the meaning of una corda?
One string, depress the left pedal
93
What is the meaning of adagio?
A slow tempo (slower than andante but not as slow as largo)
94
What is the meaning of allegretto?
Fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)
95
What is the meaning of allegro?
Fast
96
What is the meaning of andante?
Moderately slow, at a walking pace
97
What is the meaning of andantino?
A little faster than andante
98
What is the meaning of con moto?
With movement
99
What is the meaning of grave?
Slow and solemn
100
What is the meaning of larghetto?
Not as slow as largo
101
What is the meaning of largo?
Very slow
102
What is the meaning of lento?
Slow
103
What is the meaning of moderato?
At a moderate pace
104
What is the meaning of presto?
Very fast
105
What is the meaning of prestissimo?
As fast as possible
106
What is the meaning of vivace?
Lively, brisk
107
What is the meaning of accelerando, accel?
Becoming quicker
108
What is the meaning of a tempo?
Return to the original tempo
109
What is the meaning of meno mosso?
Less movement, slower
110
What is the meaning of piu mosso?
More movement, quicker
111
What is the meaning of rallentando, rall?
Slowing down
112
What is the meaning of ritardando, rit?
Slowing down gradually
113
What is the meaning of tempo primo, tempo I?
Return to the original tempi
114
What is the meaning of rubato?
With some freedom of tempo to enhance musical expression
115
What is the meaning of loco?
Return to normal register
116
What is the meaning of ottava, 8va?
The interval of an octave
117
What is the meaning of tempo?
Speed at which music is performed
118
What is the meaning of fine?
The end
119
What is the term for marked, stressed?
Marcato, Marc
120
What is the term for a stressed note?
Accent
121
What is the term for smooth?
Legato
122
What is the term for play the notes legato?
Slur
123
What is the term for light, nimble, quick?
Leggiero
124
What is the term for play the notes sharply detached?
Staccato
125
What is the term for held, sustained?
Tenuto
126
What is the term for becoming louder?
Crescendo, cresc
127
What is the term for becoming softer?
Decrescendo, decresc.
128
What is the term for becoming softer?
Diminuendo, dim.
129
What is the term for loud?
Forte (f)
130
What is the term for loud then suddenly soft?
Fortepiano (fp)
131
What is the term for very loud?
Fortissimo (ff)
132
What is the term for moderately loud?
Mezzo forte (mf)
133
What is the term for moderately soft?
Mezzo piano (mp)
134
What is the term for soft?
Piano (p)
135
What is the term for very soft?
Pianissimo (pp)
136
What is the term for in the manner of?
Alla, all'
137
What is the term for much, very much?
Assai
138
What is the term for well?
Ben, bene
139
What is the term for with?
Col, coll', colla, colle
140
What is the term for with?
Con
141
What is the term for e, ed?
And
142
What is the term for but?
Ma
143
What is the term for much, very?
Molto
144
What is the term for not?
Non
145
What is the term for not too much?
Non troppo
146
What is the term for more?
Piu
147
What is the term for little?
Poco
148
What is the term for little by little?
Poco a poco
149
What is the term for almost, as if?
Quasi
150
What is the term for always, continuously?
Sempre
151
What is the term for without?
Senza
152
What is the term for too much?
Troppo
153
What is the term for from the beginning?
Da capo, D.C.
154
What is the term for from the sign?
Dal segno, D.S.
155
What is the term for a pause, hold the note or rest longer than it's written value?
Formata
156
What is the term for right hand?
Mano destra - M.D.
157
What is the term for left hand?
Mano sinistra, M.S.
158
What is the term for Maelzel's metronome?
M.M.
159
What is the term for play one octave above the written pitch?
8va.........(down line)
160
What is the term for play one octave below the written pitch?
8va.......(up line)
161
What is the term for pedale, with pedal?
Ped.
162
What is the term for repeat the music within the double bar lines and double dots?
Repeat signs
163
What is the term for hold for the combined value of the tied notes?
Tie
164
What is the term for lively, animated?
Animato
165
What is the term for brilliant?
Brilliante
166
What is the term for in singing style?
Cantabile
167
What is the term for with vigor, spirit?
Con brio
168
What is the term for with expression?
Con espressione
169
What is the term for sweet, gentle?
Dolce
170
What is the term for expressive, with expression?
Espressivo, espress
171
What is the term for graceful?
Grazioso
172
What is the term for majestic?
Maestoso
173
What is the term for quiet, tranquil?
Tranquillo
174
What is the term for spirited?
Spiritoso
175
What is the term for with pedal?
Con pedale, con ped
176
What is the term for three strings, release the left pedal?
Tre corde
177
What is the term for one string, depress the left pedal?
Una corda
178
What is the term for a slow tempo (slower than andante but not as slow as largo)?
Adagio
179
What is the term for fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)?
Allegretto
180
What is the term for fast?
Allegro
181
What is the term for moderately slow; at a walking pace?
Andante
182
What is the term for a little faster than andante?
Andantino
183
What is the term for with movement?
Con moto
184
What is the term for slow and solemn?
Grave
185
What is the term for not as slow as largo?
Larghetto
186
What is the term for very slow?
Largo
187
What is the term for slow?
Lento
188
What is the term for at a moderate tempo?
Moderato
189
What is the term for very fast?
Presto
190
What is the term for as fast as possible?
Prestissimo
191
What is the term for lively, brisk?
Vivace
192
What is the term for becoming quicker?
Accelerando, accel.
193
What is the term for return to the original tempo?
A tempo
194
What is the term for less movement, slower?
Meno Mosso
195
What is the term for more movement, quicker?
Piu Mosso
196
What is the term for slowing down?
Rallentando, rall.
197
What is the term for slowing down gradually?
Ritardando, rit.
198
What is the term for return to the original tempo?
Tempo primo, Tempo I
199
What is the term for with some freedom of tempo to enhance musical expression.
Rubato
200
What is the term for return to normal register?
Loco
201
What is the term for the interval of an octave?
Ottava, 8va
202
What is the term for speed at which music is performed?
Tempo
203
What is the term for the end?
Fine
