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AGW Music Theory - Intermediate > 12. Analysis, Italian Terms and Signs > Flashcards

12. Analysis, Italian Terms and Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

What does accelerando mean?

A

Becoming quicker.

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2
Q

When counting the number of measures in a piece - what is the effect of a repeat sign?

A

A repeat sign will not affect the number of measures.

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3
Q

When all repeat signs are observed, how many measures of music are played?

A

Double the measures between the repeat signs.

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4
Q

What are the steps in naming the key of a melody?

A

Look at the Key Signature.
Check for the raised 7th note of the harmonic minor key to determine if the key is major or minor.
Check the last note of the piece - the piece will often end on the Tonic.

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5
Q

What are the steps for determining the Time Signature?

A

Look for the easiest measure.

Write the time signature in both clefts.

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6
Q

What are the steps when identifying triads?

A

Place the notes in root position - all lines or all spaces.

The bottom note names the root.

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7
Q

What are the two methods of writing triads?

A

Broken or solid.

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8
Q

What are the steps in determining whether a triad is Major or minor?

A

Write the triad in root position.
The bottom note names the key.
If the root to the 3rd is a Major third, the triad is Major.
If the root to the 3rd is a minor third, the triad is minor.

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9
Q

What are the steps in naming the position of a chord?

A

First place the chord in root position.

  • if the notes are all lines or all spaces, it is in root position
  • if the bottom note is the 3rd, it is in first inversion.
  • if the bottom note is the 5th, it is in second inversion.
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10
Q

What are the steps in identifying intervals?

A

Count all the lines and all the spaces.
Check for any Clef changes. (Treble to Bass in the upper staff or Bass to a Treble in the lower staff)
Check for any accidentals in the measure that would affect the note.

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11
Q

What is Duple Time in simple and compound time?

A

Simple - 2/4

Compound - 6/8

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12
Q

What is Triple Time in simple and compound time.

A

Simple - 3/4

Compound - 9/8

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13
Q

What is Quadruple Time in simple and compound time?

A

Simple - 4/4

Compound - 12/8

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14
Q

What is the a Basic Beat?

A

The one note that is equal to one beat.

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15
Q

What is the pulse?

A

Where the rhythmic emphasis falls.

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16
Q

What can join a weak pulse?

A

A strong pulse or a medium pulse.

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17
Q

What can a weak pulse join?

A

Nothing.

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18
Q

What is an interval?

A

The distance in pitch between two notes.

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19
Q

What is inverting an interval?

A

Turning the interval upside down.

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20
Q

What is the combined number of the interval and it’s conversion?

A

Nine

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21
Q

When inverting intervals, what do the following intervals become:

  • Major
  • minor
  • Augmented
  • Diminished
  • Perfect
A 
Major becomes minor
Minor becomes Major
Augmented becomes Diminished
Diminished becomes Augmented
Perfect remains Perfect
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22
Q

What are the two types of intervals??

A

Harmonic and melodic.

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23
Q

What does the bottom note of an interval do?

A

Names the Major key.

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24
Q

What is a triad?

A

A three note chord.

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25
Q

What are the four elements when identifying a triad ?

A
  • the Root (name )
  • the position (root, 1st inv or 2nd inv)
  • the type (Major or minor)
  • the form (solid or broken)
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26
Q

How is the root or name of the triad determined?

A

By the bottom note when in root position (all lines or all spaces)

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27
Q

How is the position of a triad determined?

A

By the location of the Root within the triad,

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28
Q

What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the root?

A

Root position.

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29
Q

What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the third above the root?

A

1st inversion.

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30
Q

What is the position of the triad when the bottom note is the 5th above the root?

A

2nd inversion.

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31
Q

How is the type or quality of a triad determined?

A

By the intervals in the root position triad.

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32
Q

What are the row forms of triads and how are they played?

A

Solid - notes played together

Broken - one note played after the other

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33
Q

What is the meaning of marcato, marc?

A

Marked or stressed.

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34
Q

What is the meaning of accent?

A

A stressed note,

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35
Q

What is the meaning of legato?

A

Smooth

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36
Q

What is the meaning of slur?

A

Play the notes legato.

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37
Q

What is the meaning of leggiero?

A

Light, nimble, quic.

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38
Q

What is the meaning of staccato?

A

Play the notes sharply detached.

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39
Q

What is the meaning of tenuto?

A

Hold, sustained

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40
Q

What is the meaning of crescendo?

A

Becoming louder

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41
Q

What is the meaning of decrescendo?

A

Becoming softer

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42
Q

What is the meaning of diminuendo?

A

Becoming softer

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43
Q

What is the meaning of forte?

A

Loud

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44
Q

What is the meaning of fortepiano?

A

Loud then suddenly soft.

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45
Q

What is the meaning of fortissimo?

A

Very loud

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46
Q

What is the meaning of mezzo forte?

A

Moderately load

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47
Q

What is the meaning of mezzo piano?

A

Moderately soft

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48
Q

What is the meaning of piano?

A

Soft

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49
Q

What is the meaning of pianissimo?

A

Very soft

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50
Q

What is the meaning of alla,all?

A

In the manner of

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51
Q

What is the meaning of assai?

A

Much, very much

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52
Q

What is the meaning of ben, bene?

A

Well

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53
Q

What is the meaning of col, coll’, colla, colle?

A

With

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54
Q

What is the meaning of con?

A

With

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55
Q

What is the meaning of e, ed?

A

And

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56
Q

What is the meaning of ma?

A

But

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57
Q

What is the meaning of molto?

A

Much, very

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58
Q

What is the meaning of non?

A

Not

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59
Q

What is the meaning of non troppo?

A

Not too much

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60
Q

What is the meaning of piu?

A

More

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61
Q

What is the meaning of poco?

A

Little

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62
Q

What is the meaning of poco a poco?

A

Little by little

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63
Q

What is the meaning of quasi?

A

Almost, as if

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64
Q

What is the meaning of sempre?

A

Always, continuously

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65
Q

What is the meaning of senza?

A

Without

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66
Q

What is the meaning of troppo?

A

Too much

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67
Q

What is the meaning of D.C.?

A

Da capa, from the beginning

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68
Q

What is the meaning of D.S.?

A

Dal sego, from the sign

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69
Q

What is the meaning of fermata?

A

A pause, hold the note or rest longer than tie written value

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70
Q

What is the meaning of M.D?

A

Mano destra, right hand

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71
Q

What is the meaning of M.S.?

A

Mana sinistra, left hand

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72
Q

What is the meaning of M.M.?

A

Maelzel’s metronome

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73
Q

What is the meaning of 8va…….(down line)?

A

Play nor octave above the written pitch

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74
Q

What is the meaning of 8va……(up line)?

A

Play one octave below the written pitch.

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75
Q

What is the meaning of Ped.?

A

Pedale, with pedal

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76
Q

What is the meaning of opposing thick and thin bar lines and dots in the 2nd and 3rd spaces?

A

Repeat signs: repeat the music within the double bar lines.

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77
Q

What is the meaning of a curved line below or above two note heads on the same line or space?

A

Tie, hold for the combined value of the ties notes.

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78
Q

What is the meaning of tie?

A

Hold for the combined value of the tied notes.

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79
Q

What is the meaning of animato?

A

Lively, animated

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80
Q

What is the meaning of brillante?

A

Brillant

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81
Q

What is the meaning of cantabile?

A

In a singing style

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82
Q

What is the meaning of con brio?

A

With vigor, spirt

83
Q

What is the meaning of con espressione?

A

With expression

84
Q

What is the meaning of dolce?

A

Sweet, gentle

85
Q

What is the meaning of espressivo, espress?

A

Expressive, with expression

86
Q

What is the meaning of grazioso?

A

Graceful

87
Q

What is the meaning of maestoso?

A

Majestic

88
Q

What is the meaning of tranquillo?

A

Quiet, tranquil

89
Q

What is the meaning of spiritoso?

A

Spirited

90
Q

What is the meaning of con pedale, con ped?

A

With pedal

91
Q

What is the meaning of tre corde?

A

Three strings, release the left pedal

92
Q

What is the meaning of una corda?

A

One string, depress the left pedal

93
Q

What is the meaning of adagio?

A

A slow tempo (slower than andante but not as slow as largo)

94
Q

What is the meaning of allegretto?

A

Fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)

95
Q

What is the meaning of allegro?

A

Fast

96
Q

What is the meaning of andante?

A

Moderately slow, at a walking pace

97
Q

What is the meaning of andantino?

A

A little faster than andante

98
Q

What is the meaning of con moto?

A

With movement

99
Q

What is the meaning of grave?

A

Slow and solemn

100
Q

What is the meaning of larghetto?

A

Not as slow as largo

101
Q

What is the meaning of largo?

A

Very slow

102
Q

What is the meaning of lento?

A

Slow

103
Q

What is the meaning of moderato?

A

At a moderate pace

104
Q

What is the meaning of presto?

A

Very fast

105
Q

What is the meaning of prestissimo?

A

As fast as possible

106
Q

What is the meaning of vivace?

A

Lively, brisk

107
Q

What is the meaning of accelerando, accel?

A

Becoming quicker

108
Q

What is the meaning of a tempo?

A

Return to the original tempo

109
Q

What is the meaning of meno mosso?

A

Less movement, slower

110
Q

What is the meaning of piu mosso?

A

More movement, quicker

111
Q

What is the meaning of rallentando, rall?

A

Slowing down

112
Q

What is the meaning of ritardando, rit?

A

Slowing down gradually

113
Q

What is the meaning of tempo primo, tempo I?

A

Return to the original tempi

114
Q

What is the meaning of rubato?

A

With some freedom of tempo to enhance musical expression

115
Q

What is the meaning of loco?

A

Return to normal register

116
Q

What is the meaning of ottava, 8va?

A

The interval of an octave

117
Q

What is the meaning of tempo?

A

Speed at which music is performed

118
Q

What is the meaning of fine?

A

The end

119
Q

What is the term for marked, stressed?

A

Marcato, Marc

120
Q

What is the term for a stressed note?

A

Accent

121
Q

What is the term for smooth?

A

Legato

122
Q

What is the term for play the notes legato?

A

Slur

123
Q

What is the term for light, nimble, quick?

A

Leggiero

124
Q

What is the term for play the notes sharply detached?

A

Staccato

125
Q

What is the term for held, sustained?

A

Tenuto

126
Q

What is the term for becoming louder?

A

Crescendo, cresc

127
Q

What is the term for becoming softer?

A

Decrescendo, decresc.

128
Q

What is the term for becoming softer?

A

Diminuendo, dim.

129
Q

What is the term for loud?

A

Forte (f)

130
Q

What is the term for loud then suddenly soft?

A

Fortepiano (fp)

131
Q

What is the term for very loud?

A

Fortissimo (ff)

132
Q

What is the term for moderately loud?

A

Mezzo forte (mf)

133
Q

What is the term for moderately soft?

A

Mezzo piano (mp)

134
Q

What is the term for soft?

A

Piano (p)

135
Q

What is the term for very soft?

A

Pianissimo (pp)

136
Q

What is the term for in the manner of?

A

Alla, all’

137
Q

What is the term for much, very much?

A

Assai

138
Q

What is the term for well?

A

Ben, bene

139
Q

What is the term for with?

A

Col, coll’, colla, colle

140
Q

What is the term for with?

A

Con

141
Q

What is the term for e, ed?

A

And

142
Q

What is the term for but?

A

Ma

143
Q

What is the term for much, very?

A

Molto

144
Q

What is the term for not?

A

Non

145
Q

What is the term for not too much?

A

Non troppo

146
Q

What is the term for more?

A

Piu

147
Q

What is the term for little?

A

Poco

148
Q

What is the term for little by little?

A

Poco a poco

149
Q

What is the term for almost, as if?

A

Quasi

150
Q

What is the term for always, continuously?

A

Sempre

151
Q

What is the term for without?

A

Senza

152
Q

What is the term for too much?

A

Troppo

153
Q

What is the term for from the beginning?

A

Da capo, D.C.

154
Q

What is the term for from the sign?

A

Dal segno, D.S.

155
Q

What is the term for a pause, hold the note or rest longer than it’s written value?

A

Formata

156
Q

What is the term for right hand?

A

Mano destra - M.D.

157
Q

What is the term for left hand?

A

Mano sinistra, M.S.

158
Q

What is the term for Maelzel’s metronome?

A

M.M.

159
Q

What is the term for play one octave above the written pitch?

A

8va………(down line)

160
Q

What is the term for play one octave below the written pitch?

A

8va…….(up line)

161
Q

What is the term for pedale, with pedal?

A

Ped.

162
Q

What is the term for repeat the music within the double bar lines and double dots?

A

Repeat signs

163
Q

What is the term for hold for the combined value of the tied notes?

A

Tie

164
Q

What is the term for lively, animated?

A

Animato

165
Q

What is the term for brilliant?

A

Brilliante

166
Q

What is the term for in singing style?

A

Cantabile

167
Q

What is the term for with vigor, spirit?

A

Con brio

168
Q

What is the term for with expression?

A

Con espressione

169
Q

What is the term for sweet, gentle?

A

Dolce

170
Q

What is the term for expressive, with expression?

A

Espressivo, espress

171
Q

What is the term for graceful?

A

Grazioso

172
Q

What is the term for majestic?

A

Maestoso

173
Q

What is the term for quiet, tranquil?

A

Tranquillo

174
Q

What is the term for spirited?

A

Spiritoso

175
Q

What is the term for with pedal?

A

Con pedale, con ped

176
Q

What is the term for three strings, release the left pedal?

A

Tre corde

177
Q

What is the term for one string, depress the left pedal?

A

Una corda

178
Q

What is the term for a slow tempo (slower than andante but not as slow as largo)?

A

Adagio

179
Q

What is the term for fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)?

A

Allegretto

180
Q

What is the term for fast?

A

Allegro

181
Q

What is the term for moderately slow; at a walking pace?

A

Andante

182
Q

What is the term for a little faster than andante?

A

Andantino

183
Q

What is the term for with movement?

A

Con moto

184
Q

What is the term for slow and solemn?

A

Grave

185
Q

What is the term for not as slow as largo?

A

Larghetto

186
Q

What is the term for very slow?

A

Largo

187
Q

What is the term for slow?

A

Lento

188
Q

What is the term for at a moderate tempo?

A

Moderato

189
Q

What is the term for very fast?

A

Presto

190
Q

What is the term for as fast as possible?

A

Prestissimo

191
Q

What is the term for lively, brisk?

A

Vivace

192
Q

What is the term for becoming quicker?

A

Accelerando, accel.

193
Q

What is the term for return to the original tempo?

A

A tempo

194
Q

What is the term for less movement, slower?

A

Meno Mosso

195
Q

What is the term for more movement, quicker?

A

Piu Mosso

196
Q

What is the term for slowing down?

A

Rallentando, rall.

197
Q

What is the term for slowing down gradually?

A

Ritardando, rit.

198
Q

What is the term for return to the original tempo?

A

Tempo primo, Tempo I

199
Q

What is the term for with some freedom of tempo to enhance musical expression.

A

Rubato

200
Q

What is the term for return to normal register?

A

Loco

201
Q

What is the term for the interval of an octave?

A

Ottava, 8va

202
Q

What is the term for speed at which music is performed?

A

Tempo

203
Q

What is the term for the end?

A

Fine

AGW Music Theory - Intermediate (17 decks)

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