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M11 > 11.13 > Flashcards

11.13 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the three configuration for main landing gear ?

A

Tail wheel
Tricycle - type
Tandem

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2
Q

Explain a tail wheel configuration ?

A

Main gear is located forward of the Centre of gravity.

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3
Q

Explain tricycle configuration ?

A

Centre of gravity is positioned ahead of main landing gear.

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4
Q

Whats 3 advantages for a main landing gear tricycle configuration ?

A

-Provides stability

-Allows more forceful application of the brakes without nosing over.

-Forward vision isn’t obstructed

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5
Q

Explain tandem landing gear configuration ?

A

Landing gear is installed back to back on the longitudinal axis

Landing gear is positioned forward and aft the centre of gravity

( glider plane )

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6
Q

What does a Main landing gear assembly consist of ?

A

Shock strut
Side strut
Drag brace
Downlock assembly
Uplock assembly
Trunnion
Actuator
Torsion link
Wheel and tyre

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7
Q

What does the trunnion link connect ?

A

Top of leg to the wing structure
( allows leg to rotate into and out of the landing gear )

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8
Q

Whats the two telescopic cylinders a shock strut has ?

A

Outer cylinder
Inner cylinder

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9
Q

What is has each cylinder filled with ?

A

Hydraulic oil and nitrogen

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10
Q

What does the torsion link connect ?

A

Connect the inner moving cylinder of shock strut to fixed outer cylinder.

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11
Q

What does the side strut resist ?

A

Sideways movement
( connected to upper side of aircraft structure and on the other side, via a joint to the shock strut )

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12
Q

Whats the drag struts function on the landing gear ?

A

Provides longitudinal support

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13
Q

Whats the function of a gear down-lock mechanism ?

A

Ensures gear doesn’t fold when extended

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14
Q

When are the locating cams not engaged on the nose landing gear ?

A

When the weight of the aircraft is on the wheels.
( engagement of cam ensures wheels are at 90 degrees )

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15
Q

What does a steering actuator do ?

A

Rotates nose landing gears inner cylinder which turns the wheel

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16
Q

What controls the impact force n an aircraft during landing ?

A

Shock absorber

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17
Q

Whats the two main classes of shock absorbers ?

A

Solid

Oleo

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18
Q

How does a solid shock absorber absorb the landing impact ?

A

Via a spring made from steel

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19
Q

How does an oleo shock absorber absorb the landing impact ?

A

Using Fluid spring with gas or oil, or mixture of two

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20
Q

How are the gas chambers and oil chamber separated ?

A

By a piston
( this type of separated oleo is called a - Oleo-pneumatic strut with separator )

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21
Q

Whats the two types of oleo?

A

Oleo with separator
Oleo without separator

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22
Q

Whats the two principles that allow a shock absorber to transfer the landing impact to the fuselage ?

A

Converting energy into heat energy

Transferring throughout airframe at different rates than the single strong pulse of impact.

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23
Q

Whats the purpose of the restricter valve in the outer cylinder on an aircraft’s landing gear ?

A

Compresses the gas which doesn’t allow the inner cylinder to suddenly move up into the outer cylinder, instead it slows the movement down. This is done by the use of a flutter plate

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24
Q

What gas are main gear shock strut serviced with ?

A

Nitrogen gas

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25
Q

What should be done for shock strut servicing ?

A

Strut dimension X and gas pressure is measured.

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26
Q

When the landing gear lever is placed to off after retraction, what does this do ?

A

Depressurised system and cuts off hydraulic pressure supply.

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27
Q

During gravity extension of the gear, do the doors close ?

A

No. They stay open.

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28
Q

how does the gravity extension gear fall in a controlled speed and doesn’t swing violently down ?

A

Due to selector valves in the hydraulic system connecting the pressure and return lines.

29
Q

If the landing gear warning indicators fail, Whats an alternative way of checking for full extension and locking ?

A

Gear down lock viewers
( located in the floor under access panel and you must check for red alignment marks which means thy have locked )

30
Q

Whats two landing gear positions indication systems ?

A

Indicator lights near gear lever

ECAM ( airbus ) or EICAS ( Boeing )
-these position doors and gear

31
Q

What is a Microswitch’s function on the landing gear ?

A

Connected from lever to the gear position sensor and determines weather they both show the correct position
( red indication light illuminated shows that there is a disagreement between the control lever position and position of the landing gear/ door )

32
Q

Whats a micro switch ?

A

Device which opens and closes an electrical circuit.

33
Q

Whats a proximity switch ?

A

Used over micro switch where there is a high chance of contact corrosion due to dirt etc

34
Q

Whats the 2 types of proximity switches ?

A

Reed switch
Electronic switch

35
Q

What does a proximity switch consist of ?

A

Target
Sensor

36
Q

Explain the operation of a reed switch ?

A

Consists of 2 spring loaded contacts in glass tube

Contacts are closed by magnetic flux

Electric circuit is closed and operates switching function

37
Q

Explain does a electronic proximity switch consist of ?

A

Consist of sensing coil and non-magnetic target

38
Q

How is the wheel supported ?

A

On axial by a tapered bearing.

39
Q

What are aircraft wheels usually made from ?

A

Aluminium and magnesium alloy

40
Q

What attaches the inboard half and outboard half together ?

A

Tie bolts

41
Q

What absorbs the heat cause from the brakes on a wheel ?

A

Heat Shield found in between outboard and inboard half of the wheel ?

42
Q

What happens if the heat shield experiences a harsh braking force which generates a lot of heat ?

A

It can’t take the heat so its uncontrollably distributed to wheel which can cause tyre to burst

43
Q

Where is the inflation valve located ?

A

Outboard half

44
Q

Whats found at the inboard half of the wheel ?

A

Heat shield
Brake unit
Fuse plug

45
Q

Whats the 3 types of aircraft brakes ?

A

Single disc
Dual disc
Multiple disc

46
Q

How are single disc brakes engaged ?

A

Friction between both sides of a calliper

47
Q

When are dual discs used ?

A

When the aircraft requires more braking force

48
Q

Whats located between the two discs ?

A

Centre carrier

49
Q

What do stators and rotors provide on a multiple disc ?

A

Provide friction surfaces for braking effect

( burning braking, stators and rotors are squeezed together between pressure plate )

50
Q

How much longer do carbon brakes last then steel brakes ?

A

20-50 %

51
Q

Whats the 3 main functions brake pistons fulfil ?

A

Apply brake force
Compensate for wear of brake
Adjust brake clearance

52
Q

What provides the supply of hydraulic pressure to apply the bakes I large aircraft that do not have a master cylinder ?

A

Power brake control valve

( meters hydraulic fluid to the corresponding brake assembly matching the pressure applied to the pedal )

53
Q

What provides the supply of hydraulic fluid to apply the brakes on a light aircraft ?

A

Master cylinder

( when pedal is depressed, master cylinder forces hydraulic fluid through a line to the pistons in the brake assembly )

54
Q

Why would a brake debooster be installed ?

A

If you don’t need all hydraulic pressure to use the brakes

55
Q

How does a parking brake work ?

A

Brake pressure is remained in brake system due to a shutoff valve in the return line.
( done by hydraulic accumulator pressurised by nitrogen )

56
Q

Whats emergency backup options for brake systems ?

A

Separate hydraulic power source
Brake accumulator.

57
Q

Where are brake temps and overheat warnings displayed ?

A

ECAM - airbus
EICAS - Boeing

58
Q

What does the anti-skid system do ?

A

If it detects that the wheel speed and aircraft speed is different, brake pressure is not directed to piston and instead is directed to the return

59
Q

What does touchdown protection prevent ?

A

A tyre blow out upon landing by not allowing brakes to be applied until aircraft’s wheels have touched down onto the runway.

( anti-skid valve connects system to return until there is weight on wheels so that the brakes cannot be operated )

60
Q

When does the auto-brake system begin to work ?

A

When there is weight on wheels and thrust reversers are deployed

61
Q

What’s the bead function on a tyre ?

A

Strengthen the carcass and mount tyre to wheel

62
Q

Whats the carcass ply’s function on a tyre ?

A

Give tyre strength and is layered

63
Q

Continue tyre properties

A
64
Q

What does a shimmy damper do ?

A

Dampens oscillations and found on upper torque link on nose gear

65
Q

What does having main landing gear steering reduce ?

A

Tyre scrub `

66
Q

Why is there a pin inserted in to the nose wheel ?

A

Isolates nose wheel from cockpit controls which doesn’t allow pilots to move the wheel.

( steering commands doesn’t reach actuators )

67
Q

Where is the air/ground sensor installed on an aircraft ?

A

On the upper Torino link and sometimes on the collar

68
Q

Explain a load sensor to determine weather the airplane is in the air or on the ground ?

A

Senses the landing gear beams bending when the weight of the aircraft is on the gear

M11 (22 decks)

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