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M11 > 11.10 > Flashcards

11.10 Flashcards

1
Q

Before fuel meets engines combustion chamber, or APU, what’s the 3 modifications done to it ?

A

—Pressurised
—Metered ( measure rate of fuel entering engine )
—Filtered

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2
Q

What must fuel tanks be constructed from ?

A

Materials which will not react chemically with any aviation fuel.
( has a sump and drain sat at the bottom to drain any water or contamination)

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3
Q

Why are furl systems fitted with baffles ?

A

To resist fuel surging caused by changes in the attitude of the aircraft.

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4
Q

What are fuel systems located in the cargo hold or horizontal stabiliser called ?

A

Auxiliary tanks.

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5
Q

What are the special cavities in the wing tip called to ensure the fuel tanks are proper ventilated ?

A

Vent / surge tanks.

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6
Q

What can sometimes be used to reduce the aircraft to its specified landing weight ?

A

Jettison valves.

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7
Q

What are rigid fuel lines made from ?

A

Stainless steel or aluminium alloy
( connects with MS or AN fittings )

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8
Q

Where are stainless steel rigid fuel lines mainly used ?

A

—Engine
—Wheel wells
( bonded clamps hold rigid fuel line in place )

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9
Q

What are the layers of construction to a flexible fuel line ?

A

Inner - synthetic tube
Middle - fibre braid
Outer - synthetic cover
( some hoses have a braided stainless steel exterior )

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10
Q

What is additionally placed over rigid and flexible fuel lines to provide extra protection ?

A

Abrasion and fire protection layer

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11
Q

Where are flexible hose lines mainly used ?

A

—High vibration areas ( between aircraft structure and engine )

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12
Q

Whats the two types of aviation fuel ?

A

—AVGAS ( reciprocating engines )
— jet fuel ( turbine engines )

  • MUST NOT MIX
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13
Q

What the three turbine engine fuel types available ?

A

—jet A1
—jet A
—jet B

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14
Q

What colour is AVGAS 82 unleaded (UL) dyed ?

A

Purple

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15
Q

What colour is AVGAS 100 dyed ?

A

Green

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16
Q

What colour is AVGAS 100 Low Leaded ( LL ) dyed ?

A

Blue

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17
Q

What colour is jet fuel dyed ?

A

Colourless or straw colour

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18
Q

Whats the three types of fuel tanks ?

A

— rigid removable fuel tanks
— bladder furl tanks
— intergalactic fuel tanks

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19
Q

Explain an integral fuel tank ?

A

—Part of structure of wings
—contains access panels
—aircraft with integral tanks are known as “wet wing” aircraft.

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20
Q

Explain a rigid removable fuel tank ?

A

— strapped onto airframe structure
— Made from aluminium alloy or stainless steel
— requires large opening within aircraft skin for installation

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21
Q

Explain a bladder fuel tank ?

A

— made from flexible material
— doesn’t require removal of aircraft skin for installation.
— must sit on support board to stop it from sitting on ribs etc
— used on all sizes of aircraft.
— if leaks, engineer can patch hole up.

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22
Q

Whats the use of the nitrogen generating system ( NGS ) ?

A

To improve safety by reducing the risk of a fuel tank explosion by replacing the oxygen in the system with nitrogen.
( replaces oxygen with Nitrogen-enriched air through the Air Separation Module ( ASM )

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23
Q

Whats the process of NGS ?

A

1 —systems sources compressed hot air from engine

2— hot air from engine is then cooled before entering ASM which increases efficiency of separation

3—cooled air is passed through filter to remove contaminants which protects ASM

4—filtered air enters ASM and separation process begins.

5—nitrogen enriched air is then directed to aircraft’s fuel tanks

6—oxygen which is separated is vented overboard

( nitrogen should constantly be fed into the tanks which displaces the outside air that enters )
( pressure valves control the rate of nitrogen that enters the tank to ensure tits not overfilled )

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24
Q

When a component is replaced or reassembled following maintenance, should you re-use the gasket previously fitted to that component ?

A

NO. You should not re-use and should replace instead.
( gasket can be used to repair a leak )

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25
Q

Whats the 4 classifications used to describe the severity of an aircraft fuel leak ?

A

1- stain
2- steep
3- heavy seep
4- running leak
( monitor for 30 minuets )

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26
Q

Explain the rule of fuel tank safety SFAR 88 ?

A

Requires the inspection of the designed fuel systems and their components, as well as the development of special inspections and maintenance procedures.

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27
Q

Explain the fuel tank safety rule CDCCL

A

Ensures unsafe conditions do not develop.
( mandatory and cannot be changed without approval from FAA )

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28
Q

When performing maintenance in a fuel tank, when will the gas detector sound an alarm ?

A

When the concentration reaches explosive hazard levels

29
Q

Whats the required equipment to be used when performing maintenance on a fuel tank ?

A

—Filtered air supply, one for person in tank and one for standby person

— face mask respirator for each person to

30
Q

Whats the standby persons duties with maintenance to the fuel tank ?

A

-Check o2 bottles are charged
-Ensure hose connection is secure
-Control hose movement
-Switch air supply if warning sounds

31
Q

Whats the 3 fuel feed systems ?

A

-gravity feed
-pressure feed
-injection feed

32
Q

What does a pressure fuel feed system use to feed fuel to the engines ?

A

Engine driven or electric pump
( electric pump supply’s fuel pressure for starting the engine and acts as a backup for the engine pump incase that fails. )

33
Q

Explain the injection fuel feed system ?

A

Combines the use of gravity and pumps.

34
Q

Explain a hand operated aircraft’s fuel pump?

A

-Hand-operated pump which delivers fuel with each stroke of the pump handle.
-they are controlled from a lever in the flight deck which poses a risk to pilots due to there being fuel lines in the cockpit.

35
Q

Explain a vane-type fuel pump ?

A

-used as a booster pump
-pump shaft rotates by a electric motor.
-constant displacement of fuel.

36
Q

Explain a centrifugal pump ?

A

-driven my electric motor
-submerged in fuel tank or located underneath
-boost pump
-variable displacement pump
-pump can be replaced without draining fuel tank with the use of a shutoff valve in the inlet tube extending into the tank.

37
Q

Whats fitted inside a wing fuel tank to prevent large items entering the booster pump ?

A

Mesh screen.

38
Q

Whats the 3 common filters ?

A
  • micron filter — holds greatest filtering action
  • wafer screen filter
  • plain screen mesh filter.
39
Q

Explain ejector pump ?

A

Fuel meets in Venturi tube from inlet and suction which combine and enter a low pressured hole which increases there velocity
( ejector pump has no moving parts )

40
Q

Why is fuel tank vents designed ?

A

To prevent the build-up of pressure which allows a proper flow of fuel from the tanks regardless of the attitude.
( over pressurisation of fuel tanks can cause structural damage )

41
Q

Explain the need for surge tanks ?

A

Normally empty but are designed to contain fuel overflow preventing fuel spillage.

( not used for fuel storage )

(Constructed with the same method as integral fuel tanks)

42
Q

Explain the function of a vent float valve ?

A

Fuel level low, weight on the float keeps the valve in the open position

Fuel level rises, float rises and the valve closes

43
Q

Explain the use for flapper valves ?

A

Prevents fuel from travelling outboard during flight manoeuvres but allows fuel to drain inboard during normal operation.

44
Q

Whats the purpose of a drain systems in a fuel tank ?

A

To drain water from tank
( execute during scheduled maintenance )

45
Q

How can you control / maintain the CG ?

A

By transferring the fuel around different tanks
( CG control system is used to reduce the crews responsibility of monitoring and transferring furl to maintain a trim-free CG )

46
Q

Whats something that fuel transfer to control CG replaces ?

A

The need to try and control CG with trim which causes drag. Transferring fuels minimises the drag

47
Q

What valve must be in opened position during flight if there is a in balance in the tanks to power the engines ?

A

Cross-feed valve.

48
Q

What positives does an aircraft equipped with an auxiliary fuel tank have ?

A

Greater flying range.

49
Q

Whats the parts to a cross feed valve ?

A

-Valve body
-adapter and shaft
-actuator

50
Q

Whats the dumping/jettison system allow ?

A

To dump fuel preventing the aircraft’s maximum landing weight due to an emergency.

51
Q

Why does an aircraft have a jettison system ?

A

Prevent high stress on fuselage during over weight landing.
( also ensures aircraft has enough fuel for a go-around )
( DOES NOT EMPTY ALL OF TANK )

52
Q

Where is the re-fuelling control panels found ?

A

Leading edge, close to re-fuel couplings

53
Q

Whats the 4 main components of a typical refuelling system ?

A

Refuelling coupling
Refuelling valves
Refuelling manifold
Refuelling diffuser

54
Q

Whats the three refuelling modes ?

A

Manual
Automatic
Override

55
Q

Explain the manual refuelling mode ?

A

Requires you to calculate the fuel distribution before refuelling.

56
Q

Explain the automatic pressure refuelling mode ?

A

Fuel distribution is calculated by computer which discontinues when pre-calculated load is reached.

57
Q

Explain the override refuelling method ?

A

It’s employed when the electrical power to refuelling valves is not available.

58
Q

What does a refuelling valve control ?

A

Fuel flow into the tanks during refuel operation

59
Q

Whats the two methods to defuelling ?

A

Pressure
Suction

60
Q

Explain the pressure defuelling method ?

A

—Defuelled using tank boost pump
—boost pump feeds through fuel feel manifold to the defuel valve required to defuel.

61
Q

Explain the suction defuelling method ?

A

Fuel truck sucks fuel out by opening the defuelling valve.

62
Q

What a disadvantage of suction defuelling ?

A

—Difficult to defuel one tank without defuelling other tanks too.
—takes longer

63
Q

Whats an advantage of suction defuelling ?

A

Can be done without any power to the aircraft

64
Q

What are bonding cables constructed from ?

A

Conductive, durable, flexible materials

65
Q

Explain the ratiometer fuel indicator type ?

A

Relies on the movement of a float which moves a corresponding arm which is read of a calibrated dial

66
Q

Explain the capacitance type fuel indicator ?

A

No moving parts within the fuel tank.

67
Q

Explain the mechanical type fuel indicator ?

A

Use of fuel measuring sticks mounted on lower skin of the tank.
2 types :

Drip stick- pushed and twisted and lowered until fuel begins to exit the hole located at the bottom

Magnetic type- pulled down and pushed up slowly until the magnetic float catches the stick.

68
Q

What does a valve-in-transit indicator light tell the flight crew ?

A

That a fuel valve is opening or closing

69
Q

On the pilots flight display, what colour will the ‘P’ indication turn from green if it become inoperative ?

A

Amber

M11 (22 decks)

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