11.1 TBI Statistics

Question 1

causes of TBI

Answer 1

falls
unintentional blunt trauma
MVA
assults

Question 2

risk factors for non fatal tbi

Answer 2

gender
highest hospitalization rate for 65+
all age groups besides (15 -24) falls are leading cause
ages 15-24 are more likely assault
MVA leading cause of hospitalization for adolescents

Question 3

external mechanical force is usually from

Answer 3

acceleration and deceleration injuries

• rapid acceleration/deceleration
• impact
• blast waves (bombs)
• penetration by projectile
• coup-contracoup: contusions on opposite sides of brain

Question 4

the coup injury is

Answer 4

the immediate injury to the front of the forehead in a car accident slam

Question 5

the center coup injury is

Answer 5

the brain hitting the back of your skull after hitting the front

Question 6

TBI result sin symptoms including

Answer 6

altered consciousness
amnesia
other neurologic abnormalities
skull fractures
inter cranial lesions
death

Question 7

TBI is not

Answer 7

congenital or egenerative

Question 8

structural damage may or may not be detected with

Answer 8

imaging technology

Question 9

closed head injury vs. penetrating head injury

Answer 9

closed head: blunt, non penetrating, skull has not been fractured or open

• can have focal injury
  penetrating: focal - not as wide spread

Question 10

in closed head injuries we often see

Answer 10

diffuse axonal injury: axons that can’t stretch will tear and become injured

Question 11

primary injury

Answer 11

cortical effects (region of the cortex)
axonal injury (can be diffuse)
vascular injury (blood supply, torn blood vessel = immediate affects)

Question 12

secondary/post-injury

Answer 12

ischemia - if blood can’t move to tissues bc of injury, other tissues will be affected and vulnerable to cell death
edema - swelling
further axon injury - can be increase in inter cranial pressure

Question 13

assess severity during the

Answer 13

acute management phase

Question 14

Glasgow coma scale is based on

Answer 14

eye opening and verbal and motor response
mild (13-15)
moderate (9-12)
severe (3-8)

Question 15

loss of consciousness scale

Answer 15

0-30 mins = mild
30-<24hrs = moderate
24hrs+ = severe