10.1 Dementia Overview and Pathology Flashcards
what is the aging process?
- normal age-related decline in cognition
- age associated memory impairment
- dementia
- mild cognitive impairment
what are the domains of dementia?
complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition
dementia can be due to
AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, levi body disease, vascular disease, TBI, substance/medication use, HIV/AIDS, prion disease, PD, HD
when diagnosing dementia you must specify…
with or without behavioral disturbance
what is the first diagnostic criteria of major neurocognitive disorder?
evidence of a significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains
what does the evidence of significant decline based on?
- concern of the individual, family member, or clinician that there has been a decline
- documented by standardized neuroscience psychological testing
what is the second diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorder?
cognitive deficits interfere with independence in everyday activities
what is the third diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorder?
cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively int he context of delirium
what is the fourth diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorder?
the cognitive deficits are not better explained by something else
what’s the difference between major neurocognitive disorder and minor?
evidence of modest decline and these effects DO NOT interfere with everyday activities
a good case history for dementia can include:
medical history
detailed family history
social history
medication list
what’s in a good medical history file?
physical respiratory function, baseline conditions, neurologic exam, detailed family hx, social history, medications list
diseases that can cause dementia
Vascular dementia Lewy body disease/dementia Huntington’s disease MS Infections Parkinson’s disease Pick disease Brain injury/tumors Chronic EtOH abuse Normal pressure Hydrocephalus Depression Others (CHF, Hypoglycemia, diabetes, etc.)
sensory memory
attention, alertness, arousal processes;
visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory;
unconscious awareness
short term working memory
involves encoding processes, temporary storage of limited capacity
