11/3: Pelvic Organs Flashcards
What are the common male and female organs?
Ureters, urinary bladder, and rectum
What are the male-specific organs?
Ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
What are the female specific organs?
Uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, cervix, and vagina
What marks the transition from abdomen to pelvis?
Pelvic brim
What is the floor of the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic diaphragm
What lies inferior to the pelvic diaphragm?
Perineum
What is the fibromuscular cutaneous sac located between anus and penis?
Scrotum
What is the site of sperm and testosterone production?
Testis
What is the storage reservoir for sperm and site of sperm maturation?
Epididymis
What is the collection of muscle fibers, vessels, nerves, and ducts that run to and from the testes?
Spermatic cord
What functions in temperature control?
Cremaster muscle
What is the cremaster muscle innervated by?
Genitofemoral nerve
What produces the largest amount of semen by volume?
Seminal vesicles - 70%
What do seminal fluid contain?
Alkaline Fluid
Prostaglandins
Clotting factors
What do prostatic secretions include?
Proteolytic enzymes into semen which break down clotting factors in order to ejaculate (retinas fluid state)
What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?
Mucous that functions in lubrication
_________mL per ejaculation with________ spermatozoa per mL
3.5-3.5mL; 100mill
What do secretions come from?
Seminal vesicles (60-70%)
Prostate (20%)
Bulbourethral glands
Glands in urethral wall
Describe the effect that a vasectomy has on ejaculate
Minor effect
What is the widest part of ductus deferens, closest to seminal vesicles?
Ampulla
Where do the vas deferens and seminal vesicles meet in the prostate gland to open into prostatic urethra?
Ejaculatory duct
What is the source of mature ova and prepares uterus for implantation?
Ovary
What connects the ovary to the uterus?
Uterine tube
What are the finger-like projections in the uterine tube?
Fimbria
What is the function of fimbria?
Projections pick up/catch ovulated oocyte and 4 segments leading to the uterus with cilia to beat and push fertilized oocyte to uterine cavity
Where does fertilization occur?
In the infundibulum area (J part of the uterine tube)
What lies between bladder and rectum?
Uterus
What makes up the uterus?
Fundus, body, narrowing isthmus, and cervic
In the pelvic line of the male, visceral pain gets carried by?
Sympathetics
What is the innervation above the inferior peritoneum (above the pelvic pain line)?
Pain impulses follow sympathetics back via symp. splanchnic nerves
What is the innervation below the inferior peritoneum (below the pelvis pain line)?
Pain impulses follow parasympathetics back via pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4
All visceral afferents other than pain run what pathways?
Parasympathetics
In males, the prostate and seminal vesicles are where in comparison to the pelvic pain line?
Below
Where is there potential for infectious material to collect in a female?
Rectouterine pouch
What is is a fold of peritoneum over the uterus and the bladder, forming a pelvic recess?
Vesicouterine pouch
Where can we sample suspicious fluid found in a female via imaging?
Rectouterine pouch via a procedure called culdocentisis
- needle up through vagina and piercing wall to get to rectouterine pouch (guided radioogically)
What is the uterus covered with?
Visceral peritoneum
What is the broad ligament of the uterus made of?
Peritoneum and has three parts
What suspends the ovary?
Mesovarium
What is the largest ligament in the female, from side of uterus to lateral wall of pelvis?
Mesometrium
What wraps around uterine tube and helps uterine tube move to get fibrae over ovary?
Mesosalpinx
Where do ovarian vessels run?
In the suspensory ligament of the ovary (s.l.o)
What ligament connects ovaries to uterine?
Ovarian ligament
What is the function of the internal iliac artery?
Supplies arterial blood to the pelvis and perineum
What are two important points of the internal iliac artery?
- Branching is extremely variable
- Anastamoses between its branches (and across midline) are extensive
What is the blood supply of the uterus?
Uterine artery (branch of internal iliac) and ovarian artery (branch of aorta)
What are somatic motor supplied by in the rectum and anus?
Pudendal nerve; S2-4
What do somatic motor of the rectum and anus do?
Contract external anal sphincters
What are external anal sphincters made of?
Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
What are parasympathetics supplied by in the rectum and anus?
Pelvic splanchnic nn; S2-4
What do parasympathetics of the rectum and anus do?
Increase peristalsis of rectum and relax internal anal sphincters
What are internal anal sphincters made of?
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
What are sympathetics supplied by in the rectum and anus?
L1-2 do the opposite
