10/16: Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum Flashcards
Cardia
Region in the esophagus that expands out into the stomach (close to the heart)
Fundus
Dome shaped top of the body, no functional significance
What part of the stomach can be easily visualized on a radiograph?
Fundus because trapped air bubble
Which part of the stomach has the largest diameter?
Body
Antrum
Lower part of the stomach
Angular incisure
Where the stomach starts to become horizontal
Pylorus
Transition form the stomach to the duodenum via pyloric sphincter
Valve that controls flow of stomach contents into the duodenum, midling
Greater curvature
From esophagus down to left margin
Lesser curvature
shorter down right side of the body
Where do both curvatures meet?
At pylorus where stomach mesenteries are attached to help bring blood and nerve supply to stomach
The stomach is entirely ________________
Intraperitoneal (mesenteric)
What is the stomach suspended by
Mesenteries, but is otherwise freely mobile
What is the stomach covered with
Visceral peritoneum
Duodenum
10-12 inches long, c-shaped curve, containing 4 segments
How many segments does the duodenum have
4
How many segments of the duodenum have a mesentary
First has a mesentary and the others are secondarily retroperitoneal
What is attached at the 2nd segment of the duodenum?
Pancreas head is attached here
Omental foramen
passage way behind lesser omentum behind 2nd segment
Where is the location of the Foregut to midgut transition
Between second and 3rd segments
Omentum
important in supplying nerve and blood supply to mesenteric organs
Lesser omentum
Double layered fold that will suspend the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
What is the location of the lesser omentum
From esophagus, across stomach, to first segment of the duodenum
What does the lesser omentum contain
Gastric arteries
Greater omentum
Large double layered fold that is attached to greater curvature
What is the function of the greater omentum
Reserve body fat and can stick to repair bleeding or inflamed abdominal organs as well as carry important vessels
Why is the greater omentum thick and yellow
Because of fat, varies depending on bodies composition
What does the greater omentum contain
Gastrophrenic mesenteric segment
Gastrosplenic ligament
Gastrocolic ligament
What kind of arteries does the gastrophrenic mesenteric segment have
No arteries
What kind of arteries does the gastrosplenic ligament have
Short gastric arteries
What kind of arteries does the gastrocolic ligament have
Gastromental artery
Where does the foregut blood supply come from
The celiac artery and its branches
What does the celiac trunk originate from
Median arcuate ligament
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
left gastric, splencic, and common hepatic
Left gastric artery
Runs retroperitoneally and gives off branch to supply distal esophagus
Rest of it runs along left side of the lesser curvature of stomach to body and upper antrum
Splenic artery
Major blood supply to spleen (and most pancreas), runs posteriorly to stomach
What does the splenic artery branch off to
Short gastric artery and L gastromental artery
What does the short gastric artery supply
Fundus and upper body of stomach
What does the L gastromental artery supply
Greater curvature of stomach
What does the common hepatic artery branch into
hepatic artery proper (upwards) and gastroduodenal (downwards)
What does the hepatic artery proper supply
Liver
What does the hepatic artery proper split into
Left and right hepatic arteries that supply liver tissue
Cystic artery
Supplies gallbladder. Comes off right hepatic
Right gastric artery
first branch that supplies upper margin of antrum and right side of lesser curvature
What does the Gastroduodenal artery supply
supplies stomach, duodenum, and pancreas
What does the gastroduodenal artery split into
Branches that run in front or behind the duodenum
What artery is in front of the gut tube
Superduodenal artery
What does the superduodenal artery supply
Upper margin of 1st segment of duodenum
What arteries are behind the gut tube
Right gastromental artery
Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticodudoenal arteries
What does the right gastromental artery anastomose with
Left gastromental
What does the right gastromental artery supply
Bottom of greater curvature
What do the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply
Lesser curvature of duodenum and pancreas
What is the peritoneal cavity divided into
Lesser Sac
Greater Sac
Lesser sac
trapped in posterior part of upper abdomen. Between stomach and pancreas
Greater sac
From diaphragm to pelvis in the front
Omental foramen
Communication between lesser and greater sacs
What are the lesser sac boundaries
Ceiling
Floor
Front wall, back wall, right wall, left wall
Ceiling
created by liver
Floor
created by transverse mesocolon
Front wall
Created by lesser omentum and stomach itself
Back wall
created by panacreas
Right wall
Created by venous structures. Omental foramen massage way through the right wall
Left wall
Made up of spleen mesenteries lienorenal and gastrosplenic ligaments
Leinorenal ligament
bridges spleen to liver area posterior abdominal wall
- tail of pancreas points out and is in the lienorenal ligament
- how splenic vessels reach the spleen since it is mesenteric
Gastrosplenic ligament
Bridges between greater curvature and hilum of spleen
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Bridge for porta hepatis structures to use to get from the liver and get behind the duodenum reptroperitoneally to be able to enter into the second segment
