10/18: Digestive Glands Flashcards
Liver
Largest organ in the body, by weight and volume
What is the liver encased by?
Ribs
Falciform ligament
double layered mesentery that separates and bridges left and right lobe
Ligamentum teres
Free lower edge of falciform ligament
What does the ligamentum teres important in fetal development?
Housing the umbilical vein to then go directly into fetal IVC
What does the ligamentum teres become after birth?
Thickened filament
Where is the gallbladder?
Anterior right sagittal fissure
What does the gallbladder adhere to?
Liver (still considered mesenteric organ because it is not attached to posterior abdominal wall)
Horizontal fissue
Connects right and left sagital fissure forming separation of quadrate (anterior to) and caudate lobe (posterior to)
Caudate lobe
part of the liver that is exposed and visible inside the lesser sac
Where is the left sagittal fissure?
Near body’s midling
What does the anterior left sagittal fissure contain?
Ligamentum teres and fetal vessels that will connect with IVC
What does the posterior left sagittal fissure contain?
Liagamentum venosum (part of umbilical vein) and root of lesser omentum attachment
What is the anterior right sagittal fissure?
Bed for galbladder
What passes behind the posterior right sagittal fissure?
Inferior vena cava
What is the horizontal fissure?
Hilum called porta hepatis “doorway to the liver”
What is the horizontal fissure formed by?
Upper root of lesser omentum
What does the porta hepatis contain?
- common bile duct
- hepatic artery proper
- Portal vein
What does the porta hepatis run through
the lesser omentum
The liver is partially ________ and _______________
Mesenteric; secondarily retroperitoneal
What is the liver covered with?
Visceral peritoneum
Recesses
Areas where not much peritoneal fluid will be present
What are recesses important for
Potential site of abdominal infectious material to spread, forming abscesses
Subphrenic recess
superior, shallow
Hepatorenal recess
inferior, deeper
Bare area of the liver
Part where the liver has lost its visceral peritoneum
What does the bare area stick to
the posterior abdominal wall making this part secondarily retroperitoneal (is why the liver is both a mesenteric and retroperitoneal organ)
What does the gap between parietal peritoneum on the ceiling of the liver from the diaphragm and lesser sac occur from?
Sharp reflections between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Where does the lymph from the bare area drain through?
Diaphragm to thoracic lymph nodes
What is the coronary ligament?
“cut-out”/outline of the bare area of the liver
What comes together to form the falciform ligament?
Left and right coronary ligaments
Where does the upper root of lesser omentum travel down and surround?
The hilum/porta hepatis structures
Why is the upper root of lesser omentum an important route for cancer?
Liver cancer can metastasize to the lungs, mediastinum due to the lymphatic drainage here (also lung cancer can go to the liver via this pathway backwards)
What are the two functional sides of the liver?
left and right
What does the functional left side (bile) consist of?
Left, quadrate, and caudate lobes
Where does the functional left side bile drain into?
Left hepatic duct
What does the functional right side (bile) consist of?
Right lobe
Where does the functional right side bile drain into?
Right hepatic duct
In terms of arterial blood supply, compare the two functional sides
The same except the quadrate lobe usually belongs to both functional sides
What makes up the functional left side (arterial blood)?
Left, quadrate, and caudate lobes
What does the functional left side arterial supply drain via?
left hepatic artery
What makes up the functional right side (arterial blood)?
Right and quadrate lobes
Where does the functional right side arterial supply drain via?
Right hepatic artery
What is the gallbladder?
Blind sac that stores bile that liver produces in excess
What allows bile to be released from galbladder?
Hormonal signals after meals to aid in digestion
Where does the gallbladder lie?
On inferior surface of liver in anterior sagittal fissure
Where is the fundus?
Projects out beyond lower margin of liver
What is the location of the gallbladder estimated by?
Intersection of right lower costal margin and semilunar line
What is the arterial supply of the gallbladder via?
Cystic artery
What is the bile drainage of the gallbladder via?
Cystic duct
What is bile drainage via?
Biliary tree
What produces bile and where does it get sent out?
Liver; ducts
What is the common hepatic duct formed from?
Merging of left and right hepatic ducts
Where does the common hepatic duct end at?
Duodenum and called common bile duct
What is the common bile duct formed by?
Merging of cystic and common hepatic duct
Where does all bile end up?
Common bile duct
Where does the common bile duct attach at?
The 2nd segment of the duodenum in its lesser curvature
What does the sphincter of Oddi prevent?
Bile from continuously running into the alimentary canal
What does back up in the sphincter of oddi cause?
Excess bile to move upwards and be stored in the galbladder
What are spiral valves?
Folds of mucosa that aid in bile filling against gravity
What does stagnant bile give rise to?
Stones
What can spiral valve have lodges for?
Stones forming distention
Describe the portal venous system
Both venous and arterial blood entering in organ and then both become deoxygenated venous blood
Where does portal venous system exit liver?
Via hepatic veins into IVC
