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Anatomy Exam 3 > 10/18: Digestive Glands > Flashcards

10/18: Digestive Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Liver

A

Largest organ in the body, by weight and volume

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2
Q

What is the liver encased by?

A

Ribs

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3
Q

Falciform ligament

A

double layered mesentery that separates and bridges left and right lobe

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4
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Free lower edge of falciform ligament

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5
Q

What does the ligamentum teres important in fetal development?

A

Housing the umbilical vein to then go directly into fetal IVC

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6
Q

What does the ligamentum teres become after birth?

A

Thickened filament

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7
Q

Where is the gallbladder?

A

Anterior right sagittal fissure

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8
Q

What does the gallbladder adhere to?

A

Liver (still considered mesenteric organ because it is not attached to posterior abdominal wall)

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9
Q

Horizontal fissue

A

Connects right and left sagital fissure forming separation of quadrate (anterior to) and caudate lobe (posterior to)

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10
Q

Caudate lobe

A

part of the liver that is exposed and visible inside the lesser sac

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11
Q

Where is the left sagittal fissure?

A

Near body’s midling

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12
Q

What does the anterior left sagittal fissure contain?

A

Ligamentum teres and fetal vessels that will connect with IVC

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13
Q

What does the posterior left sagittal fissure contain?

A

Liagamentum venosum (part of umbilical vein) and root of lesser omentum attachment

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14
Q

What is the anterior right sagittal fissure?

A

Bed for galbladder

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15
Q

What passes behind the posterior right sagittal fissure?

A

Inferior vena cava

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16
Q

What is the horizontal fissure?

A

Hilum called porta hepatis “doorway to the liver”

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17
Q

What is the horizontal fissure formed by?

A

Upper root of lesser omentum

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18
Q

What does the porta hepatis contain?

A
  1. common bile duct
  2. hepatic artery proper
  3. Portal vein
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19
Q

What does the porta hepatis run through

A

the lesser omentum

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20
Q

The liver is partially ________ and _______________

A

Mesenteric; secondarily retroperitoneal

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21
Q

What is the liver covered with?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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22
Q

Recesses

A

Areas where not much peritoneal fluid will be present

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23
Q

What are recesses important for

A

Potential site of abdominal infectious material to spread, forming abscesses

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24
Q

Subphrenic recess

A

superior, shallow

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25
Q

Hepatorenal recess

A

inferior, deeper

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26
Q

Bare area of the liver

A

Part where the liver has lost its visceral peritoneum

27
Q

What does the bare area stick to

A

the posterior abdominal wall making this part secondarily retroperitoneal (is why the liver is both a mesenteric and retroperitoneal organ)

28
Q

What does the gap between parietal peritoneum on the ceiling of the liver from the diaphragm and lesser sac occur from?

A

Sharp reflections between parietal and visceral peritoneum

29
Q

Where does the lymph from the bare area drain through?

A

Diaphragm to thoracic lymph nodes

30
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A

“cut-out”/outline of the bare area of the liver

31
Q

What comes together to form the falciform ligament?

A

Left and right coronary ligaments

32
Q

Where does the upper root of lesser omentum travel down and surround?

A

The hilum/porta hepatis structures

33
Q

Why is the upper root of lesser omentum an important route for cancer?

A

Liver cancer can metastasize to the lungs, mediastinum due to the lymphatic drainage here (also lung cancer can go to the liver via this pathway backwards)

34
Q

What are the two functional sides of the liver?

A

left and right

35
Q

What does the functional left side (bile) consist of?

A

Left, quadrate, and caudate lobes

36
Q

Where does the functional left side bile drain into?

A

Left hepatic duct

37
Q

What does the functional right side (bile) consist of?

A

Right lobe

38
Q

Where does the functional right side bile drain into?

A

Right hepatic duct

39
Q

In terms of arterial blood supply, compare the two functional sides

A

The same except the quadrate lobe usually belongs to both functional sides

40
Q

What makes up the functional left side (arterial blood)?

A

Left, quadrate, and caudate lobes

41
Q

What does the functional left side arterial supply drain via?

A

left hepatic artery

42
Q

What makes up the functional right side (arterial blood)?

A

Right and quadrate lobes

43
Q

Where does the functional right side arterial supply drain via?

A

Right hepatic artery

44
Q

What is the gallbladder?

A

Blind sac that stores bile that liver produces in excess

45
Q

What allows bile to be released from galbladder?

A

Hormonal signals after meals to aid in digestion

46
Q

Where does the gallbladder lie?

A

On inferior surface of liver in anterior sagittal fissure

47
Q

Where is the fundus?

A

Projects out beyond lower margin of liver

48
Q

What is the location of the gallbladder estimated by?

A

Intersection of right lower costal margin and semilunar line

49
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gallbladder via?

A

Cystic artery

50
Q

What is the bile drainage of the gallbladder via?

A

Cystic duct

51
Q

What is bile drainage via?

A

Biliary tree

52
Q

What produces bile and where does it get sent out?

A

Liver; ducts

53
Q

What is the common hepatic duct formed from?

A

Merging of left and right hepatic ducts

54
Q

Where does the common hepatic duct end at?

A

Duodenum and called common bile duct

55
Q

What is the common bile duct formed by?

A

Merging of cystic and common hepatic duct

56
Q

Where does all bile end up?

A

Common bile duct

57
Q

Where does the common bile duct attach at?

A

The 2nd segment of the duodenum in its lesser curvature

58
Q

What does the sphincter of Oddi prevent?

A

Bile from continuously running into the alimentary canal

59
Q

What does back up in the sphincter of oddi cause?

A

Excess bile to move upwards and be stored in the galbladder

60
Q

What are spiral valves?

A

Folds of mucosa that aid in bile filling against gravity

61
Q

What does stagnant bile give rise to?

A

Stones

62
Q

What can spiral valve have lodges for?

A

Stones forming distention

63
Q

Describe the portal venous system

A

Both venous and arterial blood entering in organ and then both become deoxygenated venous blood

64
Q

Where does portal venous system exit liver?

A

Via hepatic veins into IVC

Anatomy Exam 3 (12 decks)

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