10/25: Aorta/IVA/Lymphatics

Question 1

What is primarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

Abdominal aorta

Question 2

Where does the aorta enter the abdomen through?

Answer 2

The aortic hiatus at T12

Question 3

Where does the aorta descend to?

Answer 3

Left of the midline before dividing into common iliac arteries at L4

Question 4

What are the three categories of the branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 4

1. Branches to the body wall
2. Branches to the kidneys and to glans
3. branches to the gut

Question 5

What are the branches to the body wall?

Answer 5

Inferior phrenic a
Lumbar arteries
Medial sacral a

Question 6

What do the inferior phrenic arteries supply?

Answer 6

Body wall (Diaphragm) and visceral structures (suprerenal gland, supplied by branched superior suprarenal arteries)

Question 7

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

Answer 7

Posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

What occurs at L4?

Answer 8

Bifurcation

Question 9

Where does the medial sacral artery run and lie?

Answer 9

At midline of body; on anterior surface of sacrum

Question 10

All vessels are ____________ but _____________

Answer 10

Bilateral; asymmetric

Question 11

What supply the kidneys?

Answer 11

Renal arteries (1 pair)

Question 12

What supplies the suprarenal glands?

Answer 12

Suprarenal arteries (3 pairs (superior, middle, inferior))

Question 13

What supply either the testes (testicular aa.) or the ovaries (ovarian aa)

Answer 13

Gonadal arteries (1 pair)

Question 14

What glands have no functional relationship with kidney?

Answer 14

Suprarenal glands

Question 15

Describe the right suprarenal glands

Answer 15

Right is triangular in shape and right is curved

Question 16

Describe the left renal and suprarenal arteries in comparison to right

Answer 16

SHORTER than right (aorta lies slightly leftwards)

Question 17

All three branches to the gut are _______________

Answer 17

unpaired

Question 18

What supplies foregut derivatives?

Answer 18

celiac artery (upper L1 body)

Question 19

What supplies midgut derivatives?

Answer 19

superior mesenteric artery (Lower L1 body)

Question 20

What supplies hindgut derivatives?

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric artery (L3 body)

Question 21

What does the inferior vena cava return?

Answer 21

nearly all of the venous blood from structures below the diaphragm

Question 22

What doesn’t the inferior vena cava drain directly?

Answer 22

The gut

Question 23

Where does the inferior vena cava form?

Answer 23

At L5 region from joining common iliac veins

Question 24

Where does the inferior vena cava ascend slightly to?

Answer 24

The right of the midline (and right of aorta)

Question 25

What does the inferior vena cava pierce?

Answer 25

The diaphragm at T8 and enters the right atrium

Question 26

The inferior vena cava has no direct branches from the ____________

Answer 26

gut

Question 27

What do hepatic veins drain?

Answer 27

Venous blood form liver into IVC

Question 28

What are the exceptions of the inferior vena cava being similar to abdominal aorta?

Answer 28

1. only one pair of suprarenal veins
2. right suprarenal and gonadal vein drains directly to IVC
3. Left suprarenal and left gonadal vein drain into left renal vein (avoid crossing over aorta where they could potentially be compressed)

Question 29

Where do the hemiazygous and azygous start from?

Answer 29

Vertical connections of veins from posterior abdominal wall

Question 30

What veins are asymmetric?

Answer 30

Suprarenal and gonadal vv

Question 31

How many pairs of the suprarenal vv are there?

Answer 31

One

Question 32

Where does the R. suprarenal vein drain into?

Answer 32

Directly to IVC

Question 33

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 33

Gonadal vein

Question 34

Where does the L. suprarenal vein drain into?

Answer 34

Renal vein

Question 35

Where does the L. gonadal vein drain into

Answer 35

renal vein

Question 36

What do the subcostal and lumbar veins connect by?

Answer 36

Vertically running ascending lumbar vein

Question 37

Where does the varicocele form from?

Answer 37

Left pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 38

in vas deferens, when veins enlarge and swell it feels like…

Answer 38

bag of worms

Question 39

Where is varicocele common on?

Answer 39

Left side because left renal vein is susceptible to be compressed by superior mesenteric

Question 40

What leis to the right of the aorta?

Answer 40

IVC

Question 41

Where does the left renal vein cross?

Answer 41

Anterior to the aorta with SMA running anterior to that

Question 42

Where does the right testicular/ovarian artery pass?

Answer 42

Anterior to the IVC

Question 43

Where does the IVC form (bifurcate)?

Answer 43

At L5, one level inferior to the division of the aorta

Question 44

Where does the aorta bifurcate?

Answer 44

L4

Question 45

Where do the common iliac veins lie?

Answer 45

Posterior to the common iliac a

Question 46

Where does the median sacral artery lie?

Answer 46

Behind the left common iliac vein

Question 47

Where does the lymph from gut follow arteries?

Answer 47

Backwards

Question 48

Where does lymph from gut collect and drain?

Answer 48

Collect into large intestinal trunks, drain into cisterna chyli

Question 49

Where is the cisterna chyli?

Answer 49

Between aorta and vertebral column at L1
Beginning of thoracic duct

Question 50

Where does lymph from body wall drain into?

Answer 50

Aortic lymph nodes which then drain into thoracic duct

Question 51

Where does lymph from gonads drain?

Answer 51

Through nodes distributed with the arteries

Question 52

Where does lymph from skin above umbilicus drain into?

Answer 52

Axillary nodes

Question 53

Where does lymph from below the umbilicus drain into?

Answer 53

Superficial inguinal nodes and then deep to inguinal and aortic nodes

Question 54

Where does the bare area of the liver drain some of the liver’s lymph?

Answer 54

Through the diaphragm to the thoracic lymph odes

**important route of metastasis

Question 55

Where does the descending and sigmoid colon drain some lymph?

Answer 55

Into posterior abdominal wall

**important route of metastasis