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Anatomy Exam 3 > 10/4: Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

10/4: Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Is there a physical barrier between the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

A

No

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2
Q

What is at the ceiling of the abdominal wall?

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

What is anterior to the abdomen?

A

Antero-lateral wall

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4
Q

What is posterior to the abdomen?

A

Posterior wall

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5
Q

What is inferior to the abdomen?

A

Abdomenopelvic cavity
Floor: pelvic organs

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6
Q

What are innervations of the quadratus lumborum?

A

ventral rami of T12-L4

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7
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum attach from?

A

Iliac crest to 12th rib transverse process of vertebrae

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8
Q

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Stabilize trunk to maintain balance while walking

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9
Q

What does the quadratus lumborum do bilaterally and unilaterally?

A

Bilaterally: weak extensor of the trunk
Unilaterally: laterally flexes the trunk (flexes toward active muscle site)

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10
Q

What are innervations of the psoas major?

A

ventral rami of L1-3, iliacus, and femoral nerve

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11
Q

Where does the psoas major attach from?

A

L and T vertebral bodies and transverse processes (anterior to QL) to femur lesser trochanter

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12
Q

What is the function of the psoas major?

A

Flexes the hip and flexes spine if hip is held stationary

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas minor?

A

Ventral rami of L1-L3
- absent in many people, no consequence bc small function

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14
Q

Where does the psoas minor attach from?

A

Lumbar spines to the pubic bone

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15
Q

What is the function of the psoas minor

A

Not much, proprioception

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16
Q

What are innervations of the illiacus?

A

femoral nerve

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17
Q

What does the iliacus fuse with?

A

Psoas major (iliopsoas)

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18
Q

What does the iliacus attach from?

A

Iliac fossa to femur (common with PM)

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19
Q

What is the function of the iliacus?

A

Flex the thigh

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20
Q

What are the diaphragm attachments?

A

Medial arcuate ligament
Lateral arcuate ligament
Right crura
Left crura

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21
Q

Where does the medial arcuate ligament attach?

A

To psoas major

22
Q

Where does the lateral arcuate ligament attach?

A

Quadratus lumborum

23
Q

Where does the right crura attach?

A

To L1-L3, longer

24
Q

Where does the left crura attach?

A

To L1-L2, shorter

25
Q

What is the lumbar plexus?

A

Set of nerves (bilateral) made of the ventral rami of T12 through L5 spinal nerves

26
Q

What nerves do the lumbar plexus carry?

A

Somatic motor
Somatic sensory
Sympathetics to visceral body wall structures (e.g., sweat glands)

27
Q

Why is the lumbar plexus necessary?

A

Large muscle of the limbs are derived from multiple myotomes so they require corresponding innervation from many spinal nerves

28
Q

What are limb muscles derived from?

A

Multiple myotomes, so they require innervation from the corresponding, multiple spinal nerves

29
Q

When do the patterns of somatic sensory supply differ when comparing supply to the skin of the limbs?

A

When comparing dermatomes to nerves

30
Q

What are motions at the hip?

A

Extension & Flexion
Abduction & Adduction

31
Q

What are motions at the knee?

A

Flexion & Extension

32
Q

The ventral rami that innervate muscles and skin have what kind of axons?

A

Sympathetic
Some have somatic motor and/or sensory axons (autonomic control)

33
Q

The genitofemoral nerve is present as sensory only in what sex?

A

Females - sensory only
Males - sensory and motor

34
Q

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is present as sensory in what sex?

A

Females + Males - sensory
**No motor

35
Q

Subcostal nerve

A

T12 contributes
**mixed innervation (SS, SM, symp)
in front of quadratus lumborum

36
Q

What does the subcostal nerve supply?

A

Sensory, motor, and sympathetic supply to mucles of anterior abdominal wall

37
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

mixed innervation (SS, SM, symp)

always runs above iliac crest

38
Q

What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

Motor function to supply muscles of anterior abdominal wall and some cutaneous (skin) distribution

39
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

**mixed innervation (SS, SM)
**
inferior branch of L1

crosses and runs below the iliac crest

40
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

Skin of the genital and groin, medial thigh

41
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2-L3

**purely sensory
**
goes to skin on lateral part of thigh by passing under inguinal ligament (some sympathetics)

42
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply?

A

Skin on lateral thigh

43
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-4 largest branch of plexus

**Mixed innervation (SS, SM)
**
passes between iliacus and psoas major

44
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Allows hip flexion and knee extension (kicking a ball)
Supply muscles on front thigh

45
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-4

**Mixed innervation (SS, SM)
**
innervate thigh adductor

*goes into pelvis and medial part of thigh, important in adduction

goes through obturator foramen and behind psoas major

46
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Somatic motor to medial thigh muscles which are responsible for adducting the hip, as well as skin covring this area

47
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

Only gray rami, no white (bc below L2)

Paravertebral ganglion

Preganglionic sympathetics

*runs medially in front of psoas major and on sides of vertebrae

converge when going over sacral bone*

**postganglionic sympathetics will be found in all previous nerves (i.e., skin sweat glands)

48
Q

Lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-5

**no function of own
**
Contributes to sciatic nerve

no branches of own

49
Q

What does the miliary tuberculosis of the spine eventually form?

A

Abscess over psoas major

50
Q

What nerves are involved in the milliary tuberculosis of the spine?

A

Femoral

51
Q

What are symptoms of the miliary tuberculosis of the spine?

A

Numbness over anterior thigh and hip flexion and knee extension difficulty

Anatomy Exam 3 (12 decks)

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