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Anatomy Exam 3 > 10/6: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

10/6: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Name the abdominal wall layers from superficial to deep

A

Skin
Camper’s Fascia (fatty SF)
Scarpa’s fascia (membranous SF)
3 layers of muscle
Transversalis fascia
Extra peritoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
Abdominal organs

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2
Q

What is the skin?

A

Outermost layer

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3
Q

What fat is stored in the Camper’s fascia (fatty SF)?

A

subcutaneous fat is stored

varies in thickness

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4
Q

What nerves and vessels run in camper’s fascia to get to skin?

A

Cutaneous nerves and vessels
has neurovasculature

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5
Q

Scarpa’s fascia (membraneous SF)

A

Thin, loosely arranged CT w/ vessels and veins
No fat

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6
Q

What does the scarpia’s fascia tightly arrange to form?

A

Fibers tightly arrange to form membrane

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7
Q

Where is the scarpa’s fascia only found in?

A

Anteriorly

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8
Q

What do the 3 layers of muscle have the same organization as (broad flat sheets)

A

intercostals

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscle?

A

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus

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10
Q

transversalis fascia

A

CT layers that line whole anterior and lateral abdominal wall

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11
Q

Extraperitoneal fat

A

Similar to body fat in composition; varies in thickness (outside of peritoneum)

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12
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum secrete?

A

Fluid to provide lubricant forming frictionless movement

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13
Q

Whatis the parietal peritoneum?

A

lining of body

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14
Q

What are the group functions of the abdominal wall muscles?

A

Movement of the trunk

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15
Q

What are the bilateral and unilateral functions of the trunk?

A

Bilateral: pure flexion
unilateral: lateral flexion and rotations/twisting

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16
Q

What are the insertions of the rectus abdominis?

A

4 tendinous insertions into the superficial division of the rectus sheath

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

Costal cartilages and xiphoid processes of sternum

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18
Q

How do the fibers of the rectus abdominis run?

A

Vertically
about 3 times as wide superiorly as inferiorly

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19
Q

Where is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

pubis

20
Q

What gives six pack appearance?

A

Rectus abdominus due to 4 tendenous insertions into the superfiical division of the rectus sheath

21
Q

Where do external oblique fibers run?

A

Down and in towards midline (same as external intercostals)

22
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

From anterior superior iliac spine to public spine

23
Q

Where does the external oblique attach from?

A

Ribs and costal cartilages laterally to iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

24
Q

What is the aponeurosis

A

Abrupt transition from muscle fibers to ligamentum at location of anterior superior iliac spine

25
Q

Where does aponeurosis insert on?

A

Linea alba and pubic bone on opposite side

26
Q

Where does the internal oblique attach from?

A

Iliac spine and deep inguinal ligament to linea alba (where the aponeuroses come together)

27
Q

What muscle fibers are fan shaped?

A

Internal oblique

28
Q

What is the innermost layer of abs?

A

Transversus abdominis

29
Q

Where does transversus abdominis attach from?

A

Lateral edge of transversalis fascia, iliac crest and internal oblique fascia to linea alba

30
Q

What does the internal oblique have?

A

Fibers that originate from the deep surface of the inguinal ligament

31
Q

What does the internal oblique give rise to?

A

lower fibers of transversus abdominis

32
Q

What does the abdominal wall gap located?

A

Between inguinal ligament and pelvis

33
Q

What does the abdominal wall gap function to allow?

A

Neurovascular structures (femoral artery, vein, and nerve) and iliopsoas to enter and be distributed into the lower limb

34
Q

Above the arcuate line in the top 3/4th’s of the rectus sheath, where do the EAO aponeuroses pass?

A

Superficial to the rectus abdominus and ends at linea alba

35
Q

Above the arcuate line in the top 3/4th’s of the rectus sheath, what do the IAO aponeuroses split into?

A

Two thinner layers (one superficial that fuses with EAO to form superficial half of rectus sheath) (other later fuses with
TA aponeuroses to from deep half of rectus sheath)

36
Q

Above the arcuate line in the top 3/4th’s of the rectus sheath, where do the TA aponeuroses pass?

A

deep to rectus abdominis and ends at linea alba

37
Q

What is the pathway of aponeuroses in the bottom 1/4ths below the arcuate line?

A

EAO, IAO, and TA all pass superficially to the rectus abdominis and fuse together to form a superficial rectus sheath

38
Q

What does the abdominal wall gap allow for communication?

A

Between body cavity and lower limb

39
Q

What is sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall provided by?

A

Ventral rami
lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11)
Subcostal nerve (T12)
Iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

40
Q

What nerves provide somatic motor innervation to the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

Same ones as for the anterior
lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11)
Subcostal nerve (T12)
Iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

41
Q

Where do arteries run?

A

In the rectus sheath deep to the muscle

42
Q

Where does lymph from skin above the umbilicus (including the back and upper limb) drain to?

A

Axillary nodes

43
Q

Where does lymph from skin below the umbilicus (including the back, pelvis, perineum, and lower limb) drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

44
Q

What is the main function of the abdominal wall?

A

Movement of the trunk

45
Q

What are less obvious functions of the abdominal wall muscles?

A
  • Stabilizaiton of the trunk during strenuous physical effort (Valsalva’s maneuver)
  • Forceful expiration
  • Coughing and sneezing
  • urination and defecation
  • labor deliver
46
Q

What are the functions of the trunk?

A

Flexion (pure)
Lateral flexion
Rotation (twisting)

47
Q

How do the abdominal wall muscles affect the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. Decrease abdominal cavity volume/increase intraabdominal pressure
  2. Abdominal organs increase pressure in thorax and pelvis

Anatomy Exam 3 (12 decks)

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