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Anatomy Exam 3 > 10/23: Small Intestine and Colon > Flashcards

10/23: Small Intestine and Colon Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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2
Q

What makes up the colon?

A

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse Colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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3
Q

What in the small intestine is mesenteric?

A

Jejunum and ileum

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4
Q

Describe the mesenteries of the duodenum

A

1st segment mesenteric
2-4th are secondarily retroperitoneal

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5
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

About a foot long

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6
Q

What makes up the mucosal lining of the duodenum?

A

Many plicae circularies

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7
Q

How large is the jejunum?

A

2/5 of intestine beyond the duodenum

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8
Q

Where does the jejunum start and fill up?

A

Starts at duodenojejunal junction and fills up most of left side

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9
Q

What is the mucosal lining of the jejunum?

A

Small amount of spread out plicae circularies

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10
Q

How large is the ileum?

A

Remaining 3/5 beyond the duodenum

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11
Q

What does the ileum plug ito?

A

Cecum at ileocecal junction

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12
Q

Where is the cecum located?

A

At lower right quadrant, first part of the large intestine

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13
Q

What is the mucosal lining of the ileum?

A

Absence of plicae circularies
Smooth wall which contains lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

What does the colon (large intestine) consist of?

A

Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

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15
Q

What does the colon contain?

A

Haustrae
Appendices Epiploicae
Taenia coli

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16
Q

What are haustrae?

A

Marginal rims that gives colon scalloped appearance

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17
Q

What is the appendices epiploicae?

A

Functionless accumulated fat on outside of haustrae (enlarge as you travel towards sigmoid colon)

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18
Q

What is the taenia coli?

A

Longitudinal smooth muscle streaks found on outer surface of colon

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19
Q

Be able to name the colon

A
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20
Q

What does the cecum meet with?

A

Ileum at the first part of the large intestine

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21
Q

What is the appendix?

A

Outgrowth of cecum, found inferior to dudenojejunal junction

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22
Q

How long is the ascending colon and where does it run?

A

8-10 inches
Vertically from lower right to upper right quadrant
Runs into liver and bends

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23
Q

What is the ascending colon bend called?

A

Hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)

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24
Q

Where does the. transverse colon run from?

A

Right to left side turns downwards when it gets to spleen

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25
Q

What is the bend in the transverse colon called?

A

Splenic flexure (left colic flexure)

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26
Q

Where does the descending colon run?

A

From upper left to lower left quadrant

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27
Q

Where does the sigmoid colon run from?

A

Lower left to the midline

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28
Q

What is the rectum?

A

End of sigmoid colon, experiences contact with outside world

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29
Q

What is the mid gut blood supply from?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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30
Q

What is the jejunum supplied by?

A

Jejunal arteries forming anastomosing loops with vasa recta branches reaching the gut itself

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31
Q

What is the ileum supplied by?

A

Ileal arteries forming anastomosing loops with vasa recta branches reacting the gut itself

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32
Q

What is the lower ileum supplied by?

A

Ileocolic artery

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33
Q

What is the cecum supplied by?

A

Ileocolic artery

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34
Q

What is the ascending colon supplied by?

A

Right colic artery which runs perpendicular and has many branches that diverge to supply ascending colon and right colin flexure

35
Q

What is the transverse colon supplied by?

A

Middle colic artery (last 1/3 after transition supplied by ascending left colic artery where it forms last)

36
Q

Where does the superior mesentery artery run in?

A

Root of the mesentery toward the lower right quadrant

37
Q

Where does the middle colic artery run?

A

In transverse mesocolon

38
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Transverse colon first 2/3

39
Q

Where does the right colic artery run?

A

Retroperitoneally

40
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon

41
Q

Where does the intestinal branches (jejunal and ileal arteries) run?

A

Mesentary proper

42
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

Cecum and lower ileum

43
Q

Where does the ileocolic artery run?

A

Retroperitoneally toward ileocecal junction

44
Q

What do jejunal and ileal arteries supply?

A

Jejunum and ileum

45
Q

What is the hind gut supply from?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

What does the hind gut blood supply come from?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

47
Q

What is the descending colon supplied by?

A

Left colic artery

48
Q

What does the left colic artery (LCA) branch into?

A

Descending and ascending branches

49
Q

What is the sigmoid colon supplied by?

A

Sigmoid artery loops

50
Q

What is the rectum supplied by?

A

Superior rectal artery

51
Q

What runs between the jejunum and ileuM/

A

Mesentary proper

52
Q

What runs in the mesentary proper?

A

Intestinal branches (jejunal and ileal arteries)

53
Q

Where does the mesentary proper stop at?

A

Ileocecal junction because gut has now become secondarily retroperitoneal

54
Q

What happens when gut loses its mesentary?

A

It will take its blood supply with it
i.e., retroperitoneal parts of the GI tract are supplied by retroperitoneal A and V

55
Q

What mesentary contains middle colic artery?

A

Transverse colon

56
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Transverse colon

57
Q

What is a triangular shaped mesentary attached to the appendix?

A

Mesoappendix

58
Q

What does the mesoappendix contain?

A

Appendicular artery (branch of ileocolic)

59
Q

What does the ileal branch turn into and supply?

A

Turns into mesentery proper; supplies the distal ileum

60
Q

What is the appendicular artery?

A

A mesenteric branch to the appendix (in the mesoappendix)

61
Q

What are the two branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

A

Jejunum and ileum

62
Q

What does the jejunal artery loop into?

A

Smaller lops called arcades

63
Q

Describe the jejunal artery

A
  • 2 arcade rows
  • long vasa recti directly to organ wall
  • little fat in this area “light signs through mesentery”
64
Q

What does the ileal artery loop into?

A

Many smaller loops called arcades

65
Q

Describe the ileal artery

A

Describe the ileal artery
- 4 arcaede rows
- short vasa recti directly to organ wall
- lots of fat

66
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) originate from?

A

The aorta at about L3 and is mostly retroperitoneal

67
Q

What artery is the mostly retroperitoneal?

A

Left colic artery

68
Q

What does the left colic artery become when it enters the transverse mesocolon?

A

Mesenteric to anastomose with middle colic (from SMA)

69
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

Last 1/3 of transverse colon

70
Q

What does the majority of the left colic artery supply?

A

Descending colon

71
Q

What is secondary retriperitoneal?

A

Descending colon

72
Q

Where do the sigmoid arteries lie?

A

Within sigmoid mesocolon

73
Q

What arteries are mesenteric?

A

Sigmoid arteries

74
Q

What arteries are secondary retroperitoneal with the rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery

75
Q

What do superior rectal arteries supply?

A

Rectum

76
Q

What are inferior and superior mesenteric arteries anastomoses important for?

A

If arteriole blockage occurs, all areas can still be supplied

77
Q

What does the middle colic a. (SMA) anastomose with?

A

Left colic arteries (IMA) at the left colic flexure

78
Q

What does the ileocolic artery (SMA) anastomose with?

A

Right colic artery (SMA) near the ileocecal junction

79
Q

What does the sigmoid artery (IMA) anastomose with?

A

The superior rectal artery (IMA) at the transition from the sigmoid colon to the rectum

80
Q

Where are paramesenterics?

A

Posterior and superior to the mesentery proper

81
Q

Where are paracolic gutters?

A

On outside of large intestine curves

82
Q

What do paramesenteric and paracolic gutters provide?

A

Channels for infections within the abdominal cavity

83
Q

What is an example of a channel that a paramesenteric and paracolic gutter provide?

A

Pus from a burst appendix (lower right quadrant) can flow up with right paracolic gutter to form an abscess in the right hepatorenal recess

Anatomy Exam 3 (12 decks)

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