107 ANTI-TERRORISM/ FORCE PROTECTION AND SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS

Question 1

Explain the Anti-Terrorism program.

Answer 1

The Anti-Terrorism (AT) program is a security-related program that falls under
the overarching Combating Terrorism and Force Protection programs.
The AT
program is a collective, proactive effort focused on the prevention and detection of
terrorist attacks against Department of Defense (DoD) personnel, their families,
facilities, installations, and infrastructure critical to mission accomplishment as well
as the preparation to defend against and planning for the response to the
consequences of terrorist incidents.

Question 2

Discuss the Interior Guard chain of command.

Answer 2

The Interior Guard is detailed by a Commander to preserve order, protect property
and enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of his/her command. Responsibilities
include:
Commanding Officer (CO)
The responsibility of the CO for the security of the command is absolute.
May delegate authority to subordinates for the execution of duties, but such
delegation shall in no way relieve the CO of the responsibility for the security
of the command.
Field Officer of the Day
Supervises the entire Interior Guard.
Receives orders from the CO only, and serves as the CO’s direct personal
representative.
Officer of the Day (OOD)
The OOD (Officer of the Deck aboard ships) supervises the main guard.
Charged with the execution of all orders of the CO which concern the
security of the area within the assigned jurisdiction.
In case of alarm, acts immediately to protect life, government property and to
preserve order.
Commander of the Guard
Ensures proper instructions, discipline and performance of the duty of the
main guard.
Ensures that all members of the guard are correctly instructed in their orders
and duties, and they are understood and properly executed.
When an alarm is sounded, expeditiously forms the reserve, if necessary.
Ensures the security of prisoners under charge of the guard.
Sergeant of the Guard (SOG)
Assists the Commander of the Guard in ensuring proper instructions,
discipline, and performance of the duties of the main guard.
Ensures that the property under charge of the guard is cared for and
accounted for properly.
Ensures that the guardhouse and its surrounding areas are maintained in
proper police.
Forms the guard whenever necessary.
Corporal of the Guard (COG)
Supervises the members of the guard assigned to that relief.
Assigns sentries on that relief to posts.
Forms the relief in sufficient time to accomplish the following: issue guard
property, inspect appearance, fitness for duty, condition of arms, issue
ammunition and supervise loading of weapons
Main Guard Sentries
All members of the guard will memorize, understand, and comply with the
General Orders for sentries.
Members of the guard not on post will remain in the immediate vicinity of the
guardhouse except when granted permission to leave by the Commander of
the Guard.

Question 3

General Order 1

Answer 3

To take charge of this post and all government property in view.

Question 4

General Order 2

Answer 4

To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on alert and observing
everything that takes place within sight or hearing.

Question 5

General Order 3

Answer 5

To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.

Question 6

General Order 4

Answer 6

To repeat all calls from post more distant from the guardhouse than my own.

Question 7

General Order 5

Answer 7

To quit my post only when properly relieved.

Question 8

General Order 6

Answer 8

To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me all orders from
the commanding officer, officer of the day, and officers and
noncommissioned officers of the guard only

Question 9

General Order 7

Answer 9

To talk to no one except in the line of duty.

Question 10

General Order 8

Answer 10

To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder

Question 11

General Order 9

Answer 11

To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered by instructions.

Question 12

General Order 10

Answer 12

To salute all officers and all colors and standards not cased.

Question 13

General Order 11

Answer 13

To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging, to
challenge all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without
proper authority

Question 14

Define deadly force and when it may be used.

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Answer 14

Deadly force is the efforts of an individual used against another to cause death,
substantial risk of death, or serious bodily harm.

Deadly force is justified only under
conditions of necessity and may be used only when lesser means cannot be
reasonably employed or have failed and the risk of death or serious bodily harm to
innocent persons is not increased by its use.
Deadly force is authorized under the following circumstances:

1)Inherent Right of Self-Defense
When there is reasonable belief that a person(s) poses an imminent threat
of death or serious bodily harm to DoD persons. Self-defense includes
defense of other DoD persons in the vicinity.

3)Defense of Others
In defense of non-DoD persons in the vicinity when directly related to the
assigned activity or mission.

5)Assets Vital to National Security
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the
actual theft or sabotage of assets vital to national security.

4)Inherently Dangerous Property
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the
actual theft or sabotage of inherently dangerous property.

2)National Critical Infrastructure
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the
sabotage or destruction of national critical infrastructure defined as
President-designated public utilities, or similar critical infrastructure, vital to
public health or safety, the damage to which the President of the United
States determines would create an imminent threat of death or serious
bodily harm or injury.

6.Serious Offenses against Persons
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the
commission of a serious offense, one that involves imminent threat of
death or serious bodily harm or injury (e.g., sniping), including the defense
of other persons where deadly force is directed against the person
threatening to commit the offense (e.g., murder, armed robbery, or
aggravated assault).

8)Arrest or Apprehension
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to arrest or
apprehend when there is probable cause to believe a person has
committed a serious offense and there is an imminent threat of death or
serious bodily harm to DoD personnel or others in the vicinity as referred to
in subparagraphs 4.d.(3) through 4.d.(6) of this enclosure.

7)Escape
When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the
escape of a prisoner provided there is probable cause to believe that such
person(s) has committed or attempted to commit a serious offense that is
one that involves imminent threat of death or seriously bodily harm and
would pose an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm to DoD
personnel or others in the vicinity.

Question 15

Discuss the following terms: [ref. b, p. A-1 thru A-8]
Access

Answer 15

The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge or possession of classified
information.

Question 16

Discuss the following terms: [ref. b, p. A-1 thru A-8]
classification

Answer 16

Classification
The determination by an authorized official that official information requires,
in the interests of national security, a specific degree of protection against
unauthorized disclosure.

Question 17

Discuss the following terms: [ref. b, p. A-1 thru A-8]
compromise

Answer 17

Compromise
An unauthorized disclosure of classified information to one or more persons
who do not possess a current valid security clearance. Compromise can be
intentional or inadvertent.

Question 18

Discuss the following terms: [ref. b, p. A-1 thru A-8] spillage

Answer 18

Spillage
Occurs when data is placed on an information technology system possessing
insufficient information security controls to protect the data at the required
classification, i.e. secret information on an unclassified machine.

Question 19

Discuss the following terms: [ref. b, p. A-1 thru A-8]
classified Information

Answer 19

Classified Information
Information that has been determined under Executive Order (EO) 12958, or
any successor order, EO 12951, or any successor order, or the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 (42 USC. 2011) to require protection against
unauthorized disclosure.

Question 20

Discuss and explain the Classification Levels. top secret

Answer 20

Top Secret
Classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could
reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national
security. Example includes information whose unauthorized release could result in
armed hostilities against the U.S. or its allies.

Question 21

Discuss and explain the Classification Levels.secret

Answer 21

Secret
Classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could
reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the national security.

Example
includes information whose unauthorized release could result in the disruption of
foreign relations significantly affecting the national security.

Question 22

Discuss and explain the Classification Levels. confidential

Answer 22

Confidential
Classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could
reasonably be expected to cause damage to the national security. Example
includes information whose unauthorized release could result in disclosure of
ground, air, and naval forces (e.g., force levels and force dispositions).

Upon finding unsecured classified material, protect it from further compromise and
notify the custodian or security manager immediately.

Question 23

Discuss the steps of the Operational Security (OPSEC) process.

Answer 23

Identify Critical Information
Information about DoD activities, intentions, capabilities, or limitations that an
adversary seeks in order to gain a military, political, diplomatic, economic, or
technological advantage. Such information, if revealed to an adversary, may
prevent or degrade mission accomplishment, cause loss of life, or damage
friendly resources.

Conduct a Threat Analysis
Threat information is necessary to develop appropriate countermeasures.
The threat analysis includes identifying potential adversaries and their
associated capabilities and intentions to collect, analyze, and exploit critical
information and indicators.

Conduct a Vulnerability Analysis
An OPSEC vulnerability exists when the adversary is capable of collecting
critical information or indicators, analyzing it, and then acting quickly enough
to impact friendly objectives. Conducting exercises, red teaming, and
analyzing operations can help identify vulnerabilities.

Conduct a Risk Assessment
The risk assessment is the process of evaluating the risks to information
based on susceptibility to intelligence collection and the anticipated severity
of loss. It involves assessing the adversary’s ability to exploit vulnerabilities
that would lead to the exposure of critical information and the potential
impact it would have on the mission.

Apply Countermeasures
Countermeasures are designed to prevent an adversary from detecting
critical information, provide an alternative interpretation of critical information
or indicators (deception), or deny the adversary’s collection system.

Question 24

Methods used in the collection of information.

Answer 24

Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
The collection of information from human sources. The collection may be done
openly, such as interview of witnesses and suspects, or it may be done through
clandestine or covert means (espionage).

Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)
Refers to electronic transmissions that can be collected by ships, planes, ground
sites, or satellites. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) is a type of SIGINT and
refers to the interception of communications between two parties.

Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
Refers to a broad array of information and sources that are generally available,
including information obtained from the media (newspapers, radio, television, etc.),
professional and academic records (papers, conferences, professional
associations, etc.), and public data (government reports, demographics, hearings,
speeches, etc.).

Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
Intelligence derived from the exploitation of imagery collected by visual
photography, infrared, lasers, multi-spectral sensors, and radar. These sensors
produce images of objects optically, electronically, or digitally on film, electronic
display devices, or other media.

Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)
Relatively little-known collection discipline that concerns weapons capabilities and
industrial activities. MASINT includes the advanced processing and use of data
gathered from overhead and airborne IMINT and SIGINT collection systems.

Question 25

Discuss the concept of an insider threat and how to identify one.

Answer 25

An insider threat is a person with authorized access, who uses that access,
wittingly or unwittingly, to harm national security interests or national security
through unauthorized disclosure, data modification, espionage, terrorism, or kinetic
actions resulting in loss or degradation of resources or capabilities.

Question 26

Insider threat Identification:

Answer 26

Information Collection
Keeping classified materials in an unauthorized location
Attempting to access sensitive information without authorization
Obtaining access to sensitive information inconsistent with present duty
requirements
Information Transmittal
Using an unclassified medium to transmit classified materials
Discussing classified materials on a non-secure telephone
Removing classification markings from documents
Additional Suspicious Behaviors
Repeated or un-required work outside of normal duty hours
Sudden reversal of financial situation or a sudden repayment of large
debts or loans
Attempting to conceal foreign travel

Question 27

Define Terrorism

Answer 27

Terrorism
Unlawful use or threatened use of violence to force or to intimidate governments or
societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives.

Question 28

Terrorist Motivations

Answer 28

Terrorists are motivated by religion, prestige, power, political change, and material
gain. Terrorists believe that they are righteous and act in the name of the people.

Question 29

Perspectives of Terrorism

Answer 29

Terrorism can be a cheap, low-risk, highly effective way for weak nations,
individuals, or groups to challenge stronger nations or groups and achieve
objectives beyond their own abilities.

Question 30

terrorism Long Range Goals:

Answer 30

Topple governments,
Influence top level decisions,
Gain recognition for their cause

Question 31

terrorism short range goals

Answer 31

Reducing government credibility
Obtaining funds and equipment
Disrupting communications
Demonstrating power
Delaying the political process
Reducing the government’s economy
Influencing elections
Freeing prisoners
Demoralizing and discrediting the security force
Intimidating a particular group
Causing a government to overreact
Gain recognition for their causes

Question 32

Define and explain the Force Protection Condition (FPCON)

Answer 32

FPCON is a standardized DoD identification system for recommended preventive
actions and responses to terrorist threats against U.S. personnel and facilities.

The
system is the principal means for a commander to apply an operational decision on
how to protect against terrorism and facilitates coordination among DoD
Components and support for antiterrorism activities.

Question 33

FPCON NORMAL

Answer 33

Applies when a general global threat of possible terrorist activity exists and
warrants a routine security posture.

At a minimum, access control will be
conducted at all DoD installations and facilities. Actions taken at this level include,
but are not limited to:
Secure and randomly inspect buildings, rooms, and storage areas not in
regular use.
Conduct random security spot checks of vehicles and persons entering
facilities under the jurisdiction of the United States.
Limit access points for vehicles and personnel commensurate with a
reasonable flow of traffic.
Identify defense critical assets and high occupancy buildings.

Question 34

FPCON ALPHA

Answer 34

Applies when there is an increased general threat of possible terrorist activity
against personnel or facilities, and the nature and extent of the threat are
unpredictable.

ALPHA measures must be capable of being maintained indefinitely.
Actions taken at this level include, but are not limited to:
Continue, or introduce, all measures of the previous FPCON level.
Personnel with access to building and area evacuation plans must be
available at all times. Plans should be in place to execute access control
procedures. Key personnel required to implement security plans should be
on-call and readily available.
Initiate food and water risk management procedures, brief personnel on food
and water security procedures, and report any unusual activities.
Test mass notification system.

Question 35

FPCON BRAVO

Answer 35

Applies when an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist activity exists.

Sustaining BRAVO measures for a prolonged period may affect operational
capability and military-civil relationships with local authorities.

Actions taken at this
level include, but are not limited to:
Fully implement all measures of lower FPCON levels.
Enforce control of entry onto facilities containing U.S. infrastructure critical to
mission accomplishment, lucrative targets, or high-profile locations; and
randomly search vehicles entering these areas. Particular scrutiny should be
given to vehicles that are capable of concealing a large IED (e.g., cargo
vans, delivery vehicles) sufficient to cause catastrophic damage to property
or loss of life.
Randomly inspect commercial deliveries. Advise family members to check
home deliveries.
Increase security measures and guard presence or initiate increased patrols
and surveillance of DoD housing areas, schools, messes, on-base clubs,
military treatment facilities, and similar high-occupancy targets to improve
deterrence and defense.

Question 36

FPCON CHARLIE

Answer 36

Applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of
terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely.

Prolonged
implementation of CHARLIE measures may create hardship and affect the
activities of the unit and its personnel. Actions taken at this level include, but are
not limited to:
Fully implement all measures of lower FPCON levels.
Recall additional required personnel. Ensure armed augmentation security
personnel are aware of current rules of engagement and any applicable
Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA). Review types of weapons and
ammunition issued to augmentation personnel.
Limit access points in order to enforce entry control. Randomly search
vehicles.
Increase patrolling of the installation/facility/unit including waterside
perimeters, if appropriate. Be prepared to assist local authorities in searching
for threatening actions and persons outside the perimeter.

Question 37

FPCON DELTA

Answer 37

Applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or when
intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a specific location or
person is imminent.

This FPCON is usually declared as a localized condition.
FPCON DELTA measures are not intended to be sustained for an extended
duration. Actions taken at this level include, but are not limited to:
Fully implement all measures of lower FPCON levels.
Search all personally carried items (e.g., suitcases, briefcases, packages,
backpacks) brought into the installation or facility.
Restrict all non-essential movement.
Begin continuous monitoring for chemical, biological, and radiological
contamination.

Question 38

Methods to reduce visibility to adversaries:

Answer 38

Social Media
Refrain from posting mission/personally identifiable information onto social
media webpages.
Always set privacy settings to allow only friends to view.
Turn off location services.
All affiliation requests should be verified for credentials prior to accepting.
Avoid opening email messages from unknown or unreliable sources.
Practice Operational Security at all times.
Workplace Guidance
Remove CAC when leaving the workspace.
Ensure personally identifiable information (PII) is secured.
Refrain from sending emails with PII. Apply proper encryption if it is
absolutely necessary.
Properly mark all media with appropriate classification level.
Report all suspicious persons loitering near your office or in unauthorized
areas.
Watch for unfamiliar vehicles cruising or parked frequently in the area,
particularly if one or more occupants remain in the vehicle for extended
periods.
Report any suspicious videotaping/photography or unusual accommodation
requests.
Maintain a Low Profile
Ensure that your dress, conduct, and mannerisms do not attract attention.
Make an effort to blend into the local environment.
Avoid publicity.
Do not go out in big groups.
Stay away from civil disturbances and demonstrations.
Be Unpredictable
Avoid establishing a pattern and vary the route and the time you leave and
return home during your daily routine.
Vary your style of dress.
Avoid deserted streets or country roads.
Avoid traveling alone.
Let people close to you know where you are going and what you will be
doing.
Remain Vigilant
Watch for anything suspicious or out of place.
Seek knowledge of the local situation and be aware of your surroundings.
Do not give out personal information over the telephone.
Preselect a secure area in which you can take refuge if you are being
followed.
Report any incident of being followed to the military police and to your
command security officer.
Protect your Automobile
Park in well-lighted areas with multiple exits - Avoid leaving the vehicle
unattended and in the open.
Lock the doors, the trunk, and the gas cap when leaving the vehicle.
Upon returning to the vehicle, search it before operating (or driving).
Check the exterior of the vehicle for packages left under the vehicle, ground
disturbed around the vehicle, or loose wiring, string, or tape.
Check the interior of the vehicle for objects out of place, or anything out of
the ordinary.