1 Renal T Flashcards by Tyler Heavin

What complication is common in AR PCKD?

in babies; resp. distress

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What components are in PSGN complexes?

IgG IgM C3

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What is MCC pediatric hemorrhagic cystitis?

Adenovirus (Type 11 & 21)

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What happens to Pronephros Mesonephros

fill in

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Describe Renal Angiomyolipoma

Bilateral renal masses composed of fat, smooth mm, and blood vessels often found with ‘ash-leaf’ patches. Often concurrent with tuberous sclerosis an AD condition

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Where do uric acid crystals form and why?

Collecting ducts b/c they precipitate at acidic pH’s

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What are the symptoms of amphotericin B?

nephrotoxic (decreased GFR, anemia, electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia))

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Hypokalemia causes what EKG changes?

flattened T waves, ST depression, PVCs, and U waves

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Digoxin is cleared by…?

Renal System

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Fabry disease inheritance?

X-linked recessive

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What are the symptoms found in Fabry disease?

neuropathic pain, hypohidrosis, angiokeratoma, telangectasias, cardiomyopathy,

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From what part of the kidney does most Renal Cell Carcinomas arise from?

proximal renal tubules

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From what part of the kidney does most Renal Oncocytomas arise from?

collecting duct cells

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From what part of the kidney do most papillary tumors arise from?

urothelium

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Overflow Incontinence can be induced by which of the following?

1) diabetic autonomic neuropathy 2) impaired detrusor activity 3) bladder outlet obstruction

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What are the symptoms of Henloch-Schloen

GI pain w/ rupturing vasculitis (bleeding), Berger Renal disease, palpable purpura, arthralgia

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What does primase do?

Synthesizes short RNA fragments from DNA to act as starting points for DNA poly III

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Possible adverse effect of mannitol?

pulmonary edema

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Basement membrane splitting on IF is seen with what?

Alport syndrome and MPGN

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Metabolic alkalosis workup includes?

volume status and urine chloride (low in vomiting)

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What commonly causes metabolic alkalosis

vomiting, thiazides/loops, hyperaldosteronism

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What can happen with excess loops/thiazides?

RAA activation with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis

How does constricting the efferent arteriole affect GFR and RPF?

increases GFR/decreases RPF; INCREASES FF

Which stone is most common and what are the risk factors?

calcium stones; hypercalciuria is MC risk factor and they are typically normocalcemia

What does DDAVP do?

Activate V2 and insert aquaporins AND increase urea uptake to increase gradient

What are two buffers for urine H excretion?

NH3 and HPO4

What causes urine discharge from umbilicus?

persistant allantois

What causes meconium discharge from umbilicus?

persistant yolk stalk

PSGN prognosis is primarily influenced by what?

age

What does NSAIDs do to the kidneys?

chronic interstitial nephritis

Causes of Oligohydramnios

Renal issue i.e. agencies/post urethral valves/etc. leading to lack of production of amniotic fluid

Causes of polyhydramnios

GI tract obstruction issue resulting in lack of ability to swallow

What does BPH lead to?

straining to urinate. eventually bladder hypertrophy to increase force and dilation of renal calyces/pelvis

What is most dangerous in recovery phase of ATN?

Hypokalemia due to the massive diuresis

What is seen in maintenance phase of ATN?

edema, hyperkalemia, AG met acidosis,

What is grapefruit juice's effect on Rx metabolism?

GUT P450's

Spleen and Left Kidney location

Spleen (rib 9-11) Left Kidney (rib 12)

What bladder issues arise after MS?

UMN lesion resulting in spastic bladder

What is the macula densa?

modified smooth mm cells of afferent arteriole

MC UTI bug

E. Coli (80%)

Ureter blood supply proximally, midline, distally?

Renal, gonadal, superior vesicular

What to be weary of with psych patients?

Lithium - vasopressin antagonist

What do calcium oxalate crystals suggest?

ethylene glycol poisoning | Chron's Dx - hyperoxaluria

In severe hypovolemia what happens to RPF, GFR, and FF?

RPF DECREASED; GFR decreased (ATII attempts to increase), FF INCREASED

What is the MC RCC and what does it look like?

clear cell, stuffed with glycogen

What test for aminoaciduria?

Na CN-nitroprusside test

When does ADPKD manifest?

40-50

What do you see in acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

fever, chills, back/chest pain, hypotension, dyspnea | T2HS complement mediated lysis

WBC casts w/ pain vs w/o pain

w/ pain = pyelonephritis | w/o pain = acute interstitial nephritis

What are the dibasic aa's not absorbed in cysteinuria?

Cysteine Ornithine Lysine Arginina (COLA)

What are acetazolimides affects on calcium and why?

induces metabolic acidosis which induces bone breakdown in attempt to buffer leading to worsening hypercalciuria

How to decrease oxalate

calcium will bind and keep it in the gut; B6 will decrease endogenous production

Risk factors for uroepithelial cancer?

smoking, rubber, plastic, textiles, leather, aromatic amine dyes

Multiple myeloma presents with what?

fatigue, back pain, increased serum protein, constipation, renal failure