Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UWorld > 1 GI T > Flashcards

1 GI T Flashcards

1
Q

What is 99mmTc-Pertechnetate used for?

A

detecting gastric mucosa - often in Meckels, HCL production leading to bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is secreted from D cells

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does anicteric infection mean?

A

a subclinical or silent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three types of groin hernias and locations?

A

femoral - below inguinal ligament (women, right side)

Direct/Indirect - above inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diphenoxylate?

A

opioid (mu) to inhibit GI motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the MC and LC causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

MC - alcohol/gallstones

LC - hypertriglyceridemia (1000+), hypercalcemia, recent ERCP procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are apple-peel and Christmas-tree signs seen with?

A

intestinal atresia due to vascular obstruction in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is toxic megacolon and how do you find it?

A

abdominal distension, fever, and signs of sepsis; often due to UC or Chron’s Dx; abdominal Xray as invasive procedure could perforate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do lactase deficiency and celiac sprue differ histologically?

A

lactase - normal histology

celiac sprue - flattened villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe CMV esophagitis

A

linear shallow ulcers with enlarged cells and intranuclear inclusions. presenting with dysphagia and odynophagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does GI bleeds induce encephalopathy?

A

Increased aa breakdown in the gut leading to increased ammonia absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is F1P turned into?

A

DHAP or glyceraldehyde via Aldo B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Botulism toxin has what type of effects?

A

DESCENDING paralysis (vs Guinne Barre [ASCENDING])

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What vitamins should be supplemented to a breastfed infant

A

Vit K/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of true diverticulum formation in the esophagus

A

Mediastinal lymphadenitis (TB/fungi) leading to scarring/traction of the mid esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When will gastroenteritis not show fecal leukocytes

A

toxin mediated diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three phases of digestion and what occurs in each?

A

Cephalic - vegal stimulation at sight/though
Gastric - gastrin mediated
Intestinal - YY peptide to down regulate HCl secretion via ECLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Reye’s syndrome hepatic histology look like?

A

microvesicular steatosis (Remember give aspirin in Kawasaki’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are two types of gastric CA and their morphology

A

intestinal - projects into lumen (H. Pylori)

Diffuse - invades stomach wall (signet) linitis plastica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gene mutations are associated with Crohn’s Dx

A

NOD2 - codes intracellular receptor that recognizes LPS and activates Nf-kB

21
Q

What are some associated findings with systemic mastocytosis?

A

itching, hypotension, rash, hyper secretion of gastric acid

22
Q

What are imporferate anuses associated with?

A

urorectal, urovaginal, urovesicular fistulas

23
Q

COX2 inhibitors can prevent what type of CA?

A

Colon CA

24
Q

Where are bile salts and lipids absorbed

A

Ileum and Jejunum respectively

25
Q

Cardiovascular induced dysphagia is due to what?

A

LA enlargement

26
Q

What type of E coli doesn’t ferment sorbitol or produce glucuronidase

A

EHEC

27
Q

HIV esophagitis is caused by…

A

Candida (yeast), CMV (linear ulcers w/ intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion), HSV (Cowdry Type A)

28
Q

CF patients need what Tx to help prevent failure to thrive

A

pancreatic lipase

29
Q

What is the relationship between Crohn’s and gallstones?

A

terminal ileum commonly affected and can’t absorb bile salts leading to cholesterol precipitation

30
Q

What is the relationship between Crohn’s and kidney stones?

A

Excess oxalate absorption leading to oxaluria and stone formation: terminal ileum is diseased, impaired bile salt absorption, impaired fat absorption, fat binds to Ca2+, no Ca2+ left to bind oxalate, increased oxalate absorption

31
Q

Where does HBV undergo RT?

A

inside the viron once RNA is packaged prior to release

32
Q

What is the difference between the right and left colon cancers?

A

Right side project into the lumen and cause bleeding and iron deficiency, left side encircle the gut wall and cause napkin ringing and obstruction

33
Q

How to differentiate primary biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis?

A

both have elevated direct bilirubin (liver okay) and alkaline phosphatase (bile duct lining damage) but primary biliary cirrhosis has antimitochondrial antibodies and is associated with Sjorgren, Raynaud, Celiac Dx

34
Q

Histology of acute vs chronic hepatitis

A

acute will have ballooning degeneration/hepatocyte swelling and chronic will have cirrhosis with regenerative nodules

35
Q

Where can Karposki’s occur and what is it’s histology?

A

Mainly skin but GI and lungs are possible. It will show as spindle cells with blood vessel proliferation

36
Q

What is fibrates effects on cholesterol stones?

A

inhibits cholesterol 7a hydroxyls which is rate limiting step in bile acid synthesis so it increases risk. Also it increases LPL to decrease hypertriglyceridemia

37
Q

What is the bodies best defense against Giardia

A

Not eosinophils but IgA to prevent adherance

38
Q

Gallbladder fistulas with intestine lead to

A

cholesterol stone ileus AND air in gallbladder (pneumobilia)

39
Q

Differences between colitis associated cancers and sporadic cancers

A

early p53 and late APC mutations; multifocal; signet ring morphology. Depends on extent and duration of colitis

40
Q

Explain hereditary hemochromatosis

A

HFE gene mutations lead to inability of transferrin-Fe complex to endocytose and the body thinks there is low iron leading to increased ferroportin activity and DMT1 expression on the luminal surface

41
Q

What is the pringle maneuver?

A

Compress the hepatoduodenal ligament (common bile/portal vein/hepatic artery) to determine if bleeding is in IVC or hepatic vein

42
Q

What is WDHA syndrome and what causes it

A

watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria

43
Q

What is the stippling in lead poisioning

A

ribosomal aggregation

44
Q

What is the diff bw gastroschiesis and omphalocele

A

gastroschiesis is not covered by peritoneum and omphalocele is

45
Q

What causes Chagas and what does it cause

A

Trypanosoma cruzi; megacolon/ureter achalasia dilated CM

46
Q

What cell type is common in adenocarcinoma of esophagus?

A

Goblet cells

47
Q

MC location of anal fissures and why

A

posterior midline due to poorer blood supply

48
Q

Submucosal and myenteric plexi are called

A

Messiness’ and Auerbach’s

49
Q

What test can you use in ulcer patients when gastrin is high?

A

Secretin to see if gastrin rises more. Indicates ZE

UWorld (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions