1 ID T

Question 1

DNA Poly I does what?

Answer 1

Pull off RNA primers and replace with DNA

Question 2

What triggers neoplastic changes in HBV infection?

Answer 2

Integration of viral DNA into genome

Question 3

What do you supplement measles infection with?

Answer 3

Vit A as it depletes the stores leading to ocular complications

Question 4

What percentage of HBV patients completely resolve?

Answer 4

95%

Question 5

Where do herpes viruses acquire membrane?

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

Aspiration of oral contents vs oral contents?

Answer 6

pneumonia vs pneumonitis

Question 7

How does IgA exert its protective effects?

Answer 7

prevents mucosal adherence

Question 8

What is the main factor in preventing recurrent influenza infections?

Answer 8

antibodies against hemagglutinin

Question 9

What do trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, and methotrexate all have in common?

Answer 9

block dihydrofolate reductase

Question 10

How does S. aureus gain penicillin resistance?

Answer 10

penicilllin binding protein alterations

Question 11

How are extended spectrum beta lactamases transferred?

Answer 11

plasmids

Question 12

What is ethambutol toxicity include?

Answer 12

optic neuropathy

Question 13

What does pipercillin-tazobactam treat?

Answer 13

G- rods i.e. pseudomonas and bacteroides

Question 14

How does amphotericin B work and what are common side effects?

Answer 14

binds ergosterol and acts like a ‘MAC’ and can cause renal toxicity (hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia)

Question 15

What are some INH toxicities?

Answer 15

hepatotoxicity

Question 16

Describe a candida infection in an HIV patient

Answer 16

HIV patients often get oral/skin infections but not hematogenous/disseminated infections as their neutrophils are intact

Question 17

What is the ssDNA virus?

Answer 17

parvo B19

Question 18

Absolute lymphocytosis indicates?

Answer 18

bordetella pertussis

Question 19

Lacks PG in the cell wall

Answer 19

C. trachomatis

Question 20

LPS is formed with a combination of

Answer 20

Lipid A and O antigen

Question 21

Penicillins inhibit…

Answer 21

transpeptidase

Question 22

Anophales vs Aedes mosquito infections

Answer 22

Anophales - Malaria

Aedes - Dengue

Question 23

What cells are activated by TSST?

Answer 23

Tcell - TCR - IL-2

Macrophage - MHCII - IL-1/TNFa

Question 24

Actions of oseltamivir

Answer 24

block neuraminidase i.e. viral release

Question 25

Grisofulvin vs -azoles

Answer 25

P450 Inducers vs inhibitors

Question 26

Use of Rifampin outside of RIPE therapy?

Answer 26

meningitis prophylaxis amongst potentially exposed

Question 27

Adenovirus main symptoms?

Answer 27

pharyngoconjunctival fever

Question 28

Three vaginal infections

Answer 28

bacterial vaginOSIS - gardenella - fishy/offwhite/ALK/clue cells Tx Metro Trichomoniasis - trichomoniasis vaginalis - yellow-green/ALK/motile/ Tx Metro Candidia vaginITIS - candidia - cottage cheese/NORMAL PH Tx fluconazole

Question 29

What do -azoles/terbinafine vs caspofungin/echinocandin vs amphoB/nystatin do?

Answer 29

ergoersterol vs glucan vs 'MAC-like' pores

Question 30

Dangers of Echinococcus (dog tapeworm)

Answer 30

forms hydatid cysts and can cause anaphylaxis/death when resected

Question 31

HSV6 vs Measles (Rubeola) vs Rubella (German measles) symptoms

Answer 31

HSV6 - 6-36mo abrupt fever subsides then maculopapular rash Measles - cough corzya conjunctiva Koplik spots rash head to toe Rubella - sore throat corzya forcheimer spots rash head to toe

Question 32

How to distinguish b/w E. coli and Enterobacter (old women w/ UTI)

Answer 32

E. coli is indole positive | both are G- lactose fermenting rods

Question 33

Aminoglycoside resistance

Answer 33

methylated ribosomes

Question 34

Why don't beta lactase resistant penicillins work for MRSA?

Answer 34

b/c they have altered penicillin binding proteins

Question 35

What is tazobactam

Answer 35

beta-lactamase inhibitor so it helps prolong beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 36

What is pyrrolindonyl arylamidase associated with?

Answer 36

GAS

Question 37

Bile soluble vs insoluble bacteria

Answer 37

s. pneumo and s. viridans

Question 38

MCC of parotitis

Answer 38

S. aureas

Question 39

What can you use instead of albendazole to treat pinworms in pregnant patients?

Answer 39

pyrantel pamoate

Question 40

E. coli that causes meningitis has what virulence factor?

Answer 40

K-1 capsule

Question 41

Herpes show what histologically?

Answer 41

intraNUCLEAR not intraCYTOPLASMIC inclusions (Cowdry bodies)

Question 42

Beta-lactamase inhibitors include:

Answer 42

sulbactam, clavulanic acid, and tazobactam

Question 43

Probenicids function

Answer 43

decrease renal clearance of penicillins

Question 44

How do you commonly contract Q fever?

Answer 44

inhale animal waste

Question 45

What antivirals need phosphorylated?

Answer 45

acyclovir, gancyclovir (CMV usually), lamivudine (NRTI)

Question 46

Necrotic keratinocytes indicate what?

Answer 46

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, often after CMV or mycoplasma infection,

Question 47

H2S production and motility in salmonella vs shigella

Answer 47

salmonella - H2S and motile | Shigella - no H2S and non-motile

Question 48

How does AZT work?

Answer 48

Zidovudine lacks 3'OH so once incorporated, chain elongation stops

Question 49

Toxo vs HSV encephalitis

Answer 49

both temporal lobes (aphasia) but Toxo when immunodeficient, HSV sporadic and rapid

Question 50

TMP-SMX mechanism of action

Answer 50

folic acid synthesis disruption

Question 51

What causes seal-bark cough in kids?

Answer 51

parainfluenza

Question 52

In neonatal meningitis you give what for neisseria and what for listeria?

Answer 52

ceftriaxone for N. meningitis and ampicillin for listeria

Question 53

Who should avoid abacavir?

Answer 53

HLA-B*57 - allergic reaction