1 MSK T

Question 1

What causes caudal regression syndrome?

Answer 1

maternal DM

Question 2

What can Vit A OD in pregnancy cause?

Answer 2

craniofacial abnormalities

Question 3

Safest place for gluteal injections

Answer 3

Superolateral quadrant or von Hochstätter triangle

Question 4

What is trendelenburg gait and what causes it?

Answer 4

Hip drops when ipsilateral foot is off ground. Caused by contralateral superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Question 5

Giant cell temporal arteritis tied with…

Answer 5

IL-6

Question 6

What antibody is best to Ddx RA

Answer 6

NOT Igm anti-Fc IgG; but instead anti-CCP

Question 7

What is AR and benign as a kid but causes arthritis as an adult. Shows as blue-black deposits on eyes and ears?

Answer 7

Alkaptonuria - lack of homogentisic acid dioxygenase

Question 8

Hereditary angioedema is associate with what deficiency?

Answer 8

C1 inhibitor

Question 9

what symptoms does colchicine cause and why

Answer 9

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea bc stopping microtubules messes with GI mucosa

Question 10

How to differentiate between bone and liver Alk Phos

Answer 10

Bone will denature in high heat (bone-boil)

Question 11

What innervates the sole of the foot, posterior calf, plantar flexes, and inversion?

Answer 11

tibial nerve

Question 12

Loss of sensation at medial aspect of the leg

Answer 12

saphenous nerve

Question 13

Symptoms of Churgg-Strauss

Answer 13

eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ anti-myeloperoxidase; late-onset asthma, asymmetrical multifocal neuropathy

Question 14

Anti-SSA/SSB are in what?

Answer 14

Sjogren’s

Question 15

Anti-histone is in

Answer 15

Rx induced lupus

Question 16

Explain dystonia

Answer 16

involuntary prolonged mm contractions leading to body in abnormal positions

Question 17

where does hematogenous osteomyelitis typically spread

Answer 17

metaphysis

Question 18

How to differentiate osteoblast/osteoclast

Answer 18

blast = 1x nuclei
clast = 100x nuclei

Question 19

RANK/RANKL activates what

Answer 19

NFkB

Question 20

Osteoarthritis/RA arthritis affects which spinal segments

Answer 20

lumbar/cervical

Question 21

2x MC causes of hematogenous osteomyelitis in kids

Answer 21

S. aureas > Strep. pyeogenes

Question 22

Gout causes overprotective and underexcretion

Answer 22

myelo/lympho proliferative/ tumor lysis HGPRT

Question 23

RA joint tap

Answer 23

many leukocytes with no crystals or bacteria

Question 24

Rhomboid crystals in joint tap

Answer 24

pseudogout

Question 25

What is pilocarpine

Answer 25

muscarinic agonist

Question 26

What is fluoxetine

Answer 26

SSRI

Question 27

What's going on in Acute Rheumatic Fever and MCC acute death

Answer 27

hypersensitivity (TII and TIII) and pancarditis

Question 28

When is NSAIDs contraindicated in gout?

Answer 28

Hx peptid ulcer Dx

Question 29

What does colchicine bind to

Answer 29

tubulin in microtubles

Question 30

Visual disturbances, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 30

Giant Cell Arteritis - check ESR

Question 31

Myasthenia graves associated with

Answer 31

thymoma or thymic hyperplasia

Question 32

When do you find a 'rosary chest'

Answer 32

rickets

Question 33

delayed umbilical cord seperation

Answer 33

myeloperoxidase deficiency/LAD

Question 34

PRPP mutations leading to increased activity lead to

Answer 34

gout

Question 35

Lateral/Medial foot lymphadenopathy

Answer 35

lateral hits popliteal and inguinal whereas medial goes straight up to superficial

Question 36

Chronic/Acute Tx of RA

Answer 36

DMARDs are chronic - sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, minocycline, TNFalpha inhibitor Acute - glucocorticoids, NSAIDs

Question 37

Pathogenesis of polymyositis

Answer 37

overexertion of MHCI on sarcolemma causes CD8 destruction

Question 38

Presenting symptoms of MG/Lambert-Eaton

Answer 38

ocular mm/extremeties

Question 39

Polymyalgia Rheumatica shows

Answer 39

shoulder and pelvis weakness (pain) in face of systemic symptoms i.e. weight loss/fever

Question 40

Succinylcholine adverse effects

Answer 40

hyperthermia, brady/tachycardia, severe hyperkalemia

Question 41

Explain what in mm senses stretch/tension and how it responds

Answer 41

Sense stretch - intrafusal fibers (Ia/II) induces contraction to resist Sense tension - GolgiTendonOrgans (Ib) induces relaxation

Question 42

How to increase azathioprine's effects?

Answer 42

give allopurinol, it inhibits X.O. which

Question 43

How does tacrolimus work?

Answer 43

block calcineruin - activates TF in Tlymph production

Question 44

What are the SERMs and what do they do

Answer 44

raloxifen (breast cancer AND osteoporosis AND antagonistic on uterus i.e. endometriosis) tamoxifen (breast cancer)

Question 45

What is leupromide

Answer 45

GnRH agonist - stim estrogen when given pulsatile

Question 46

Type I/II mm fibers histology/metabolism/location

Answer 46

Type I - aerobic/lots of mitochondria/myoglobin rich/glycogen poor/postural mm Type II - anerobic

Question 47

How do you reverse NMJ blockade?

Answer 47

neostigmine (AChEi)

Question 48

What type of blocker results in an equally diminished TOF then a progressive block?

Answer 48

depolarizing i.e. succinylcholine

Question 49

McHune Albright Syndrome

Answer 49

fibrous dysplasia, endocrine abnormalities, cafe-au-lait spots

Question 50

What should be frequently monitored with Anklyosing spondylitis

Answer 50

Chest Expansion

Question 51

Lambert-Eaton/Myasthenia Gravis/Guillian-Barre

Answer 51

Ab against presynaptic Ca2+ channels/Ab against post synaptic ACh R/demyelination

Question 52

Osteogenesis imperfecta pathogenesis

Answer 52

Type I collagen defect

Question 53

Radial head subluxation tear

Answer 53

annular ligament

Question 54

Which artery can cause osteonecrosis of the femoral head?

Answer 54

medial circumflex femoral

Question 55

proton pump inhibitors do what to osteoporosis risk

Answer 55

increase bc you need acid environment to aid in calcium absorption

Question 56

What forms the Achilles tendon

Answer 56

gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 57

Osgood-Schlatter Dx

Answer 57

overuse of the apophysis of the tibial tubercle