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UWorld > 1 MSK T > Flashcards

1 MSK T Flashcards

1
Q

What causes caudal regression syndrome?

A

maternal DM

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2
Q

What can Vit A OD in pregnancy cause?

A

craniofacial abnormalities

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3
Q

Safest place for gluteal injections

A

Superolateral quadrant or von Hochstätter triangle

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4
Q

What is trendelenburg gait and what causes it?

A

Hip drops when ipsilateral foot is off ground. Caused by contralateral superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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5
Q

Giant cell temporal arteritis tied with…

A

IL-6

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6
Q

What antibody is best to Ddx RA

A

NOT Igm anti-Fc IgG; but instead anti-CCP

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7
Q

What is AR and benign as a kid but causes arthritis as an adult. Shows as blue-black deposits on eyes and ears?

A

Alkaptonuria - lack of homogentisic acid dioxygenase

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8
Q

Hereditary angioedema is associate with what deficiency?

A

C1 inhibitor

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9
Q

what symptoms does colchicine cause and why

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea bc stopping microtubules messes with GI mucosa

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10
Q

How to differentiate between bone and liver Alk Phos

A

Bone will denature in high heat (bone-boil)

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11
Q

What innervates the sole of the foot, posterior calf, plantar flexes, and inversion?

A

tibial nerve

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12
Q

Loss of sensation at medial aspect of the leg

A

saphenous nerve

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13
Q

Symptoms of Churgg-Strauss

A

eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ anti-myeloperoxidase; late-onset asthma, asymmetrical multifocal neuropathy

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14
Q

Anti-SSA/SSB are in what?

A

Sjogren’s

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15
Q

Anti-histone is in

A

Rx induced lupus

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16
Q

Explain dystonia

A

involuntary prolonged mm contractions leading to body in abnormal positions

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17
Q

where does hematogenous osteomyelitis typically spread

A

metaphysis

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18
Q

How to differentiate osteoblast/osteoclast

A 
blast = 1x nuclei
clast = 100x nuclei
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19
Q

RANK/RANKL activates what

A

NFkB

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20
Q

Osteoarthritis/RA arthritis affects which spinal segments

A

lumbar/cervical

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21
Q

2x MC causes of hematogenous osteomyelitis in kids

A

S. aureas > Strep. pyeogenes

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22
Q

Gout causes overprotective and underexcretion

A

myelo/lympho proliferative/ tumor lysis HGPRT

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23
Q

RA joint tap

A

many leukocytes with no crystals or bacteria

24
Q

Rhomboid crystals in joint tap

A

pseudogout

25
Q

What is pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist

26
Q

What is fluoxetine

A

SSRI

27
Q

What’s going on in Acute Rheumatic Fever and MCC acute death

A

hypersensitivity (TII and TIII) and pancarditis

28
Q

When is NSAIDs contraindicated in gout?

A

Hx peptid ulcer Dx

29
Q

What does colchicine bind to

A

tubulin in microtubles

30
Q

Visual disturbances, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Giant Cell Arteritis - check ESR

31
Q

Myasthenia graves associated with

A

thymoma or thymic hyperplasia

32
Q

When do you find a ‘rosary chest’

A

rickets

33
Q

delayed umbilical cord seperation

A

myeloperoxidase deficiency/LAD

34
Q

PRPP mutations leading to increased activity lead to

A

gout

35
Q

Lateral/Medial foot lymphadenopathy

A

lateral hits popliteal and inguinal whereas medial goes straight up to superficial

36
Q

Chronic/Acute Tx of RA

A

DMARDs are chronic - sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, minocycline, TNFalpha inhibitor
Acute - glucocorticoids, NSAIDs

37
Q

Pathogenesis of polymyositis

A

overexertion of MHCI on sarcolemma causes CD8 destruction

38
Q

Presenting symptoms of MG/Lambert-Eaton

A

ocular mm/extremeties

39
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica shows

A

shoulder and pelvis weakness (pain) in face of systemic symptoms i.e. weight loss/fever

40
Q

Succinylcholine adverse effects

A

hyperthermia, brady/tachycardia, severe hyperkalemia

41
Q

Explain what in mm senses stretch/tension and how it responds

A

Sense stretch - intrafusal fibers (Ia/II) induces contraction to resist
Sense tension - GolgiTendonOrgans (Ib) induces relaxation

42
Q

How to increase azathioprine’s effects?

A

give allopurinol, it inhibits X.O. which

43
Q

How does tacrolimus work?

A

block calcineruin - activates TF in Tlymph production

44
Q

What are the SERMs and what do they do

A

raloxifen (breast cancer AND osteoporosis AND antagonistic on uterus i.e. endometriosis) tamoxifen (breast cancer)

45
Q

What is leupromide

A

GnRH agonist - stim estrogen when given pulsatile

46
Q

Type I/II mm fibers histology/metabolism/location

A

Type I - aerobic/lots of mitochondria/myoglobin rich/glycogen poor/postural mm
Type II - anerobic

47
Q

How do you reverse NMJ blockade?

A

neostigmine (AChEi)

48
Q

What type of blocker results in an equally diminished TOF then a progressive block?

A

depolarizing i.e. succinylcholine

49
Q

McHune Albright Syndrome

A

fibrous dysplasia, endocrine abnormalities, cafe-au-lait spots

50
Q

What should be frequently monitored with Anklyosing spondylitis

A

Chest Expansion

51
Q

Lambert-Eaton/Myasthenia Gravis/Guillian-Barre

A

Ab against presynaptic Ca2+ channels/Ab against post synaptic ACh R/demyelination

52
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta pathogenesis

A

Type I collagen defect

53
Q

Radial head subluxation tear

A

annular ligament

54
Q

Which artery can cause osteonecrosis of the femoral head?

A

medial circumflex femoral

55
Q

proton pump inhibitors do what to osteoporosis risk

A

increase bc you need acid environment to aid in calcium absorption

56
Q

What forms the Achilles tendon

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

57
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Dx

A

overuse of the apophysis of the tibial tubercle

UWorld (13 decks)

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