Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UWorld > 1 Neuro T > Flashcards

1 Neuro T Flashcards

1
Q

ankle-jerk reflex

A

S1-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NTD will show what in CSF

A

alpha fetoprotein and AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Botulisim has what kind of blockade

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms of ataxia-telangectasia

A

cerebellar atrophy leading to ataxia - recurrent sinopulmonary infections - cancer risk as they can’t repair DNA well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx restless leg syndrome w/

A

dopamine agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx acute dystonic reaction w/

A

dopamine agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

P450 inducers

A

carbamazapine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azoles, grapefruit juice, isoniazid, ritenovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

craniopharyngeoma histology

A

cyst filled with brown-yellow cholesterol fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

incidence calculation

A

newly infected each year / at risk (pop - affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN3 arises b/w

A

Sup cerebellar artery and post cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Post 1/3 of int capsule contains

A

sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Median nerve pathway in the forearm

A

b/w two heads of pronator and then b/w digitorum superficially/profundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a dopamine and NE repute inhibitor

A

buproprion - Tx smoking cessation and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Venlafaxine MOA

A

serotonin AND NE reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurofibromatosis cells derive from

A

neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thyroid follicular cells derive from

A

endoderm (base of tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

kidneys and ureturs derive from

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nucleus pulposis derives from

A

notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prader Willie is cause by

A

paternal deletion of ch 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tall stature with lens displacement

A

Marfan syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

blotchy mm fibers on Gomori stain

A

mitochondrial myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fredrich ataxia often has ataxia plus..

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (gait ataxia, foot abnormality, kyphoscoliosis, DM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tx Wilson’s disease

A

penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3x mm innervated by CN5 mandibular branch

A

pterygoids masseter temporalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the only CN to decussate before innervating target

A

CN4 trochlear - S.O.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tx of organophosphate poisioning

A

atropine or pralidoxime (reactivates AChE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acute vs chronic cryptococcus Tx

A

ampho B - acute

fluconazole - chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

HIV with multiple ring enhancing lesions: first thought and if it doesn’t respond to therapy

A

think toxo first and if doesn’t respond to treatment think primary central nervous system lymphoma, esp. B cell lymphoma from EBV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

longstanding HTN or DM causing lacunar strokes can cause what damage/symptoms

A

subthalmic nuclei damage causing hemiballismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Isoniazid neuropathy

A

paresthesias due to lack of B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy includes

A

confusion, opthalmoplegia, and ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Benzos are

A

anxiolytic, anticonvulsant. mm relaxant, sedative-hypnotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

carbamazapine MOA and toxicity

A

blocks Na channels; can cause hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

deep perennial nerve innervates what

A

ant. compartment of the lower leg (dorsiflex) (superficial does eversion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tibial nerve innervates what

A

post. compartment of the lower leg (planter flex and inversion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ALS Tx and MOA

A

riluzole - decreases glutamate release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

TCA’s have what type of side effects

A

urinary retention, constipation (anti cholinergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

1st line to Tx tic douloureux

A

carbamazapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what type of amine can cross the BBB

A

tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

ankle jerk reflex spinal lvl

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

patellar reflex spinal lvl

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

POMC gives rise to

A

beta endorphins, ACTH, MSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

mesolimbic-mesocortical pathway does what

A

regulates behavior, hyperactive in schizophrenia, antipsychotics block dopamine in this pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

homovanillic acid is breakdown product of

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

nigrostriatal pathway does what

A

substantia nigrum to basal ganglio to regulate movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

tuberoinfundibular pathway does what

A

regulatates dopamines inhibitory effects on prolactin

48
Q

DBS in parkinson targets what

A

subthalmic nucleus

49
Q

signs of NMS

A

Fever Encephalopathy Vitals Enzymes Rigidity

50
Q

Tx of NMS and MOA

A

dantrolene direct mm relaxant (ryanodine antagonist)

51
Q

NF-1 is what inheritance

A

AD

52
Q

Describe Wallerian degenration and axonal reaction

A

destruction distal to injury; cell body swells, nissle substance moves to periphery, nucleus moves to periphery

53
Q

carbomyl phosphate synthetase (1st step in urea cycle) depends on what

A

N-acetylglutamate

54
Q

diplopia while looking down is lesion of

A

CN4

55
Q

thalmic nuclei responsible for diurnal rhythm

A

suprachismatic

56
Q

Vit A toxicity

A

cirrhosis, pseudotumor, teratogen

57
Q

What enzyme activity is unregulated and down regulated in Lesch-Nyhan

A

HGPRT is deficient (salvage purine)

PRPP is upregulated (de novo purine)

58
Q

12-24 hr post infarct brain histology

A

Red Neurons, eosinophilic w/ loss of Nissle substance

59
Q

Cremasteric reflex in what nerve

A

genitofemoral

60
Q

Focal complex/simple

General myotonic/TC/absence

A

One Lobe unconscious/conscious

Both Lobes conscious & jerking/unconscious & contraction followed by jerking/unconscious

61
Q

Meyer’s Loops lesion

A

pie in the sky (upper quarter of opposite visual field) into the temporal lobe

62
Q

direct D2 agonsts

A

bromocriptine (ergot) and pramipexole/ropinirole (nonergot)

63
Q

What is selegiline

A

MAO-B inhibitor, stops dopamine degredation; Tx PD

64
Q

what is entacapone/tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitors, stops levadopa breakdown in periphery; Tx PD

65
Q

thiopental and barbiturates method of distribution

A

lipid soluble; rapidly fill the brain then tissue redistribution

66
Q

conversion disorder

A

neuro symptoms not explained by physical/mental health illness

67
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

excessive anxiety about 1 or more unexplained symptom

68
Q

Ritodrine and Terbutaline do what

A

Beta agonists to stop uterine contractions (tocolysis)

69
Q

Gingival hyperplasia with antiepileptic

A

phenytoin (P450 inducer)

70
Q

Anesthetic side effects

A

cardiac depression, respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, decrease GFR/renal plasma flow (increase renal vascular resistance), decrease hepatic blood flow

71
Q

What can cause a scotoma

A

DM, Multiple sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa (rod degeneration)

72
Q

What is Refsum syndrome an explain

A

lack of peroxisomes; can’t alpha oxidize very long chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids

73
Q

What is Zellweger syndrome

A

can’t make myelin; peroxisome disorder

74
Q

what canal does obturator nerve pass through and what are it’s actions

A

obturator canal; adduct the thigh/sensory in medial thigh

75
Q

Vit B12 deficiency causes

A

vacuolization and axonal degeneration of the lateral corticospinal tracts and dorsal column

76
Q

B1 is required in what enzymatic reactions

A

transketolase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase

77
Q

erythrocyte transketolase activity gauges levels of what vitamin

A

B1 thiamine

78
Q

What do metastatic brain tumors look like?

A

well circumscribed and at the junction of the grey and white matter

79
Q

butterfly appearance with a brain tumor is a…

A

glioblastoma; necrotic and hemorrhagic

80
Q

Damage below the red nucleus leads to what

A

decerebrate rigidity (extensors predominate)

81
Q

Damage above the red nucleus leads to

A

decorticate rigidity (extensors from vestibular nuclei predominate)

82
Q

CNS tumor with whorled cells and psamomma bodies

A

meningioma

83
Q

CNS tumor, small blue cells with homer-wright rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

84
Q

Inability to release doorknob, sustained mm contraction

A

myotonic dystrophy; cataracts are common

85
Q

myesthenia gravis antibodies originate where

A

thymus

86
Q

proximal mm weakness improve with use

A

lambert-eaton

87
Q

shaken baby syndrome results in what

A

breaking of bridging veins i.e. subdural bleeds; retinal hemorrhages; post rib fractures

88
Q

Serotonin, dopamine, and catecholamines require what for synthesis

A

tetrahydrobiopterin

89
Q

transtentorial herniation crushes

A

CN3

90
Q

subfalcine herniation crushes

A

ACA

91
Q

tonsillar herniation crushes

A

medulla

92
Q

Clinical findings in Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

ataxia, memory loss (permanent), oculomotor dysfunction,

93
Q

status epilepticus, describe and Tx

A

sustained T/C seizure w/o regain of consciousness; Tx benzo due to rapid onset; then hit with Na channel blocker i.e. phenytoin

94
Q

High blood/gas coefficient means…

A

greater blood solubility and slower onset of action

95
Q

Atropine acts on which receptors

A

muscarinic, not nicotinic; so patients can still have mm paralysis

96
Q

What is needed for carbomoyl synthase I?

A

n-actyleglutamate

97
Q

phenytoin and carbamazepine block what channel

A

Na; stop axonal propagation of AP

98
Q

cyrptococcus morphology

A

while round, be sure you don’t pick spherule (coccidiodies) and instead ‘budding yeast’

99
Q

what nerve runs through coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous

100
Q

what drug blocks NMDA and K+ channels

A

valproate

101
Q

surgery/pelvic trauma/butt shots w/ dropped hip to L

A

R sup. gluteal nerve; Trendelenburg sign (drop to unaffected sign)

102
Q

Difficulty in rising from chair or taking stairs

A

inf. gluteal nerve

103
Q

Skeletal mm in inner ear and innvervation

A

1)tensor tympani V3 dampen sound 2)stapedius CN7 pt complain of hyperacuity

104
Q

What aa can be reduced in treating leukemia

A

asparagine via L-asparaginase (reduces plasma levels)

105
Q

What forms proprionyl Co-A

A

isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine

106
Q

1st area of brain damaged in global ischemia

A

hippocampus

107
Q

HIV dementia activates what cell type

A

microglial cells

108
Q

intranuclear acidophilic inclusions; intranuclear basophilic inclusions

A

HSV/CMV

109
Q

charcot-bouchard vs penetrating vessels

A

CB is deep brain structures; penetrating vessels are int capsule

110
Q

pyelocytic astrocytoma vs medulloblastoma

A

PA - rosenthral fibers; medulloblastoma - many mitotic figures (small blue cells)

111
Q

thiopental PKs… explain

A

rapidly gets into brain, then redistributes to skeletal mm (causing brain levels to fall off) therefore its used to induce anesthesia but not really throughout procedures

112
Q

explain fragile X

A

CGG repeats (over 200) leading to hypermethylation

113
Q

Baclofen MOA and Tx

A

GABA B agonist Tx spasticity

114
Q

rocker bottom feet, VSD, big occiput, small jaw, clenched hands with overlapping fingers

A

trisomy 18 - edwards

115
Q

sensation to lateral forearm from

A

musculocutaneous nerve

UWorld (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions