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Pre-Vet 3 > 1. Overview of Livestock Production > Flashcards

1. Overview of Livestock Production Flashcards

1
Q

What corresponds to the brown line (increasing) and orange line (decreasing) in terms of food production?

A

Brown:
- Population
- Urbanization
- Consumer Preference

Red:
- Land
- Costs
- Resources/Environment
- Carbon/Water Constraints

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2
Q

Why was there a decrease in beef production in 2005?

A

Drought, trade, mad cow disease

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3
Q

When there is an increase in beef production in 2010, what happens to the production of pork?

A

Decrease
- When one decreases, another one increases

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4
Q

How much cattle in Canada? Is there more beef or dairy farms?

A
  • Almost 12million
  • More beef than dairy
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5
Q

Who has the most/least dairy cattle in Canada? (Region and specific provinces)

A

Most: Eastern
- Quebec
Least: Atlantics

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6
Q

Why is milk expensive to transport? (4)

A
  • Highly perishable
  • Needs refrigeration
  • Heavy
  • Supply managed
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7
Q

What is supply management?

A

A quota system that controls the quantity of products produced
- Producers must purchase quota to sell processors

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8
Q

The 3 pillars of supply management?

A
  1. Production planning
  2. Price administration
  3. Import controls
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9
Q

What is the beef production cycle?

A
  1. cow-calf
  2. backgrounding
  3. finishing
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10
Q

Who has the most/least beef cattle in Canada? (Region and specific provinces)

A

Most: Western
- Alberta
Least: Atlantics

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11
Q

What are the factors that contribute to beef distribution?

A
  1. Availability of land (for cow-calf operations)
  2. Access to feed (grown in the western provinces)
  3. Slaughter capacity (federally inspected)
  4. Proximity to US markets
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12
Q

Why is proximity to US markets a contribution to beef distribution?

A

Many large US slaughter facilities and feedlots have close geographic association with western Canada

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13
Q

How many hogs are in Canada?

A

14 million

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14
Q

Who has the most/least hogs in Canada? (Specific provinces)

A
  • Most: Quebec
  • Least: BC and Atlantics
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15
Q

Who has the most/least pigs PER FARM in Canada? (specific provinces)

A
  • Most: Manitoba
  • Least: BC
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16
Q

Where was the shift in production for pigs?

A

East (Quebec) to West (Manitoba)

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17
Q

What was the increase in pig production in Manitoba since 1991

A

Doubled - 12.6% to 24.8%

18
Q

What factors helped increase pig production in Manitoba?

A
  1. Stringent reuglations targeting large livestock operations put into place in 1998 in Quebec
  2. Opening of large processing plant in Brandon/Neepawa
  3. Removal of western grain subsidies
19
Q

Broilers - What is it and how are they managed?

A
  1. Chicken meat
  2. Supply managed
20
Q

Who has the most/least broiler production in Canada? (Specific provinces)

A
  • Most: Ontario
  • Least: PEI
21
Q

What meat does Canada consume the most?

A

Chicken because its the cheaper source of protein

22
Q

Egg production - whats the layers, and how is it managed

A
  • Consumption, breeding and vaccines
  • Supply managed
23
Q

How many hens are there in Canada for production?

A

27 million

24
Q

Has egg production increased or decreased since 2011? What is the number at now?

A
  • Increased
  • 800,000,000
25
Q

4 types of housing for chickens?

A
  1. Conventional housing
  2. Enriched colony
  3. Aviary/free run
  4. Free range
26
Q

Explain conventional housing

A
  • Cheaper
  • Smaller cages
  • Traditional and most popular
27
Q

Explain enriched colony

A
  • It’s like conventional housing except it has curtains, bigger cages, scratch pads
28
Q

Explain aviary/free run

A
  • More space, indoor
  • You have to manage more hens, eggs are dirtier, more expensive
29
Q

Explain free range

A
  • Outside and have the most space
  • At risk for disease (avian flu)
30
Q

What type of housing is most/least popular, increasing, decreasing,

A

Most popular: Conventional
Least popular: Free range
Increasing: Enriched
Decreasing: Conventional

31
Q

Who has the most/least number of farmers for eggs in Canada? (specific provinces)

A

Most: Ontario
Least: Nunavut

32
Q

How is turkey production managed, the most popular, increasing/decreasing?

A
  • Supply managed
  • Thanksgiving, Easter and Christmas
  • Stable
33
Q

Who has the most/least turkey production in Canada? (Region and specific provinces)

A
  • Most: Ontario
  • Least: New Brunswick
34
Q

What kind of system are sheep produced in

A
  • Pasture-based system and confinement-based systems
35
Q

What markets and products are sheep used for

A
  1. religious and ethnic markets
  2. meat and wool
36
Q

Who has the most/least sheep production in Canada? (Region and specific provinces)

A
  • Most: Ontario
  • Least: Atlantics (Newfoundland)
37
Q

Examples of alternative livestock (11)

A

Bison, elk, horses, llama, alpaca, goats, ducks, emu, ostrich, mink, rabbit

38
Q

Why did Canada start exploring alternative livestock?

A
  • Diversifying farm income, utilizing land, consumers have more income (health benefits and novelty)
39
Q

What is the top 3 most popular alternative livestock?

A
  1. Goats
  2. Mink
  3. Rabbits
40
Q

Who has the most bisons in Canada?

A

Saskatchewan and Alberta

41
Q

Bison production (3)

A
  • Roamed the great plains of NA
  • Exports primarily to the US but also Europe
  • Industry suffered BSE crisis but has grown the last decade

Pre-Vet 3 (37 decks)

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