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MT6320 > 1 LEC: Bacterial Morphology, Genetics, Cultivation and ID > Flashcards

1 LEC: Bacterial Morphology, Genetics, Cultivation and ID Flashcards

1
Q

genetic potential of the organism’s DNA

A

genotype

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2
Q

expressed genetic characteristics

A

phenotype

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3
Q

prokaryotic transcription occurs in the ___ alongside translation

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

single dsDNA, closed, circular, and supercoiled bacterial chromosome

A

bacterial genome

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5
Q

extrachromosomal dsDNA; not essential for growth

A

plasmids

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6
Q

jumping genes

A

transposons

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7
Q

mobile, can jump from one place in the chromosome to another

A

transposons

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8
Q

jumping genes can either be ___ or ___

A

simple or composite

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9
Q

simplest mobile piece of DNA

A

insertion sequence element

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10
Q

causes disruption and inactivation of gene

A

insertion sequence element

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11
Q

significant in antibiotic resistance

A

plasmids
transposons

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12
Q

gene transfer/exchange between homologous regions on 2 DNA molecules

A

genetic recombination

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13
Q

Mechanisms of gene transfer:

take up of naked DNA into bacterial cell

A

transformation

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14
Q

species that undergo transformation

A

S. pneumoniae, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae

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15
Q

Mechanisms of gene transfer:

transfer of genes by a bacteriophage

A

transduction

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16
Q

species that undergo transduction

A

C. diphtheriae

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17
Q

refers to the phage in lysogeny

A

temperate

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18
Q

Mechanisms of gene transfer:

transfer of genetic material from a donor to a recipient strain

A

sex pili/conjugation pili

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19
Q

changes in the base sequence of DNA

A

mutations

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20
Q

insertion of different amino acids leading to a different phenotype

A

mutations

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21
Q

mutation:

due to tautomeric shift of electrons in bases

A

spontaneous

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22
Q

mutation:

due to mutagens

A

induced

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23
Q

bacteria that use CO2 as source of carbon

A

autotroph

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24
Q

bacteria that require complex substances for growth

A

heterotroph

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25
Q

Identify:

Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2

A

photoautotroph

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26
Q

Identify:

Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds

A

photoheterotroph

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27
Q

Identify:

Energy source: organic compounds
Carbon source: CO2

A

chemoautotroph

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28
Q

Identify:

Energy source: organic compounds
Carbon source: organic compounds

A

chemoheterotroph

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29
Q

growth requirement:

synthesis of cell component

A

carbon source

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30
Q

growth requirement:

for protein synthesis

A

nitrogen source

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31
Q

metals needed by bacteria as growth requirement

A

Mg, K, Fe, Cl, Na, Ca

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32
Q

Bacteria that require high osmotic pressure are called ___

A

archaeabacteria (osmophilic)

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33
Q

additional requirement:

Haemophilus spp.

A

blood (X and V factors)

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34
Q

additional requirement:

Mycobacterium spp.

A

protein

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35
Q

additional requirement:

Vibrio spp.

A

salt

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36
Q

additional requirement:

Legionella pneumophila

A

cysteine

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37
Q

optimum pH for bacterial growth

A

6.5-7.5

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38
Q

Acidophilic bacterial species

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

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39
Q

Alkaphilic bacterial species

A

Vibrio cholerae

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40
Q

Optimum temperature:

mesophilic

A

20-40C

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41
Q

Optimum temperature:

thermophilic

A

50-60C

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42
Q

Optimum temperature:

psychrophilic

A

<20C

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43
Q

Optimum temperature:

bacteria with short optimum temperature range are called

A

sternothermophilic

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44
Q

Optimum temperature:

bacteria with wide optimum temperature range are called

A

eurithermophilic

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45
Q

Example of sternothermophilic bacteria

A

Neisseria spp. (36.5-37.5C)

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46
Q

Example of eurithermophilic bacteria

A

Enterococcus spp. (10-45C)

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47
Q

Bacterial species that has an optimum temp of 42C

A

P. aeruginosa
C. jejuni
A. baumanni

48
Q

Bacterial species that has an optimum temp of 25-30C

A

P. fluorescence
M. marinum

49
Q

Examples of psychrophilic bacteria

A

Yersinia enterocolitica
Listeria monocytogenes

50
Q

Examples of thermophilic bacteria

A

B. stearothermophilus
T. aquaticus

51
Q

Examples of capnophilic bacteria

A

Neisseria spp.
Haemophilus spp.
Actinobacteria spp.
Cardiobacterium spp.
Eikenella spp.
Klebsiella spp.
M. tuberculosis

52
Q

Generation time of E. coli

A

20 minutes

53
Q

Generation time of M. tuberculosis

A

24 hours

54
Q

the doubling time of a species

A

generation time

55
Q

the terms of generation per hour

A

growth rate

56
Q

what is used during direct microscopic count?

A

Petroff Hausser Counting Chamber
Electronic Cell Counter

57
Q

a solid media is liquid at what temp?

A

55-60C

58
Q

a solid media melts at what temp?

A

95-100c

59
Q

this happens in a solid media when put in high temperature

A

hysteresis

60
Q

dyes used as inhibitor for gr (+) bacteria in media preparation

A

gentian violet
crystal violet

61
Q

bile salt used as inhibitor for gr (+) bacteria in media preparation

A

sodium desoxycholate

62
Q

inhibitors for gr (-) bacteria in media preparation

A

sodium azide
potassium tellurite

63
Q

inhibitor of Lowenstein Jensen medium for TB

A

malachite green

64
Q

additional inhibitor of Modified Thayer Martin medium

A

trimethoprim lactate

65
Q

additives of Thayer Martin medium

A

vancomycin (gr +)
colistin (gr -)
nystatin (fungi)

66
Q

additional inhibitor of Martin Lewis medium

A

anisomicin

67
Q

additional inhibitor of New York City agar

A

amphotericin B

68
Q

mannitol salt agar has __% NaCl

A

7.5

69
Q

indicator of mannitol salt agar

A

phenol red

70
Q

indicator of thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

A

bromothymol blue

71
Q

inhibitor of thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

A

thiosulfate, bile salts, high pH

72
Q

transport medium used for stool sample

A

Amies
Cary-blair
Transgrow

73
Q

identify the media according to use:

alkaline peptone water

A

enrichment

74
Q

identify the media according to use:

tetrathione

A

enrichment

75
Q

identify the media according to use:

hafnia

A

enrichment

76
Q

identify the media according to use:

triple sugar iron agar

A

biochemical

77
Q

A biochemical media used for gram (-) based on their ability to ferment glucose, lactose, or sucrose to produce H2S and gas

A

triple sugar iron agar

78
Q

A growth media used for the growth of MTB which needs high protein content

A

middle brook agar

79
Q

observation of colony morphology is done after __ to __ hours

A

18-24

80
Q

partial clearing of blood that results in a green discoloration of the medium

A

alpha hemolysis

81
Q

examples of species that present alpha hemolysis

A

S. pneumoniae
viridans strep

82
Q

complete clearing of blood cells around the colonies

A

beta hemolysis

83
Q

examples of species that present beta hemolysis

A

S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae
L. monocytogenes

84
Q

identify the species:

smooth, filamentous, rough, and rhizoid colonies

A

B. anthracis

85
Q

identify the species:

filamentous, diphtheroid colonies having rough edges

A

B. anthracis

86
Q

identify the species:

swarming; hazy blanket of growth on surface

A

Proteus spp.

87
Q

example of species with umbilicate colony

A

S. pneumoniae

88
Q

example of species with umbonate colony

A

diphtheroids

89
Q

identify the species:

gray colony

A

Enterococcus and most gr (-) rods

90
Q

identify the species:

yellow or off-white colony

A

Micrococcus
Neisseria

91
Q

identify the species:

buff colony

A

Diphtheroids

92
Q

identify the species:

creamy colony

A

S. aureus

93
Q

identify the species:

sticky colony

A

Neisseria

94
Q

identify the species:

brittle colony

A

Nocardia

95
Q

identify the species:

dry colony

A

Streptococci

96
Q

identify the species:

dry and waxy colony

A

Diphtheroid

97
Q

identify the species:

green or green metallic sheen pigment

A

P. aeruginosa

98
Q

identify the species:

brick red pigment

A

S. marcescens

99
Q

identify the species:

blue pigment

A

Kluyvera

100
Q

identify the species:

purple pigment

A

C. violaceum

101
Q

identify the species:

brown-black anaerobe

A

P. melaninogenica

102
Q

identify the species:

odor: old sock

A

S. aureus

103
Q

identify the species:

odor: fruity/grapelike

A

P. aeruginosa

104
Q

identify the species:

odor: putrid/burnt chocolate

A

P. mirabilis

105
Q

identify the species:

odor: musty basement

A

Haemophilus spp.

106
Q

identify the species:

odor: freshly plowed field

A

Nocardia spp.

107
Q

identify the species:

odor: bleach

A

E. corrodens

108
Q

identify the species:

streamers; vinelike growth in media, puff-ball-like

A

Streptococci

109
Q

identify the species:

scumlike growth

A

Yeast

110
Q

identify the species:

gas bubbles present

A

Enterics

111
Q

Identify the biochemical test:

determine glucose and lactose, or sucrose, utilization and hydrogen sulfide production

A

triple sugar iron
kligler iron agar

112
Q

Identify the biochemical test:

determine end products of glucose fermentation

A

methyl red
Voges-proskauer

113
Q

Identify the biochemical test:

determine whether indole is formed from tryptophan by tryptophanase

A

indole test

114
Q

Identify the biochemical test:

determine hydrolysis of urea

A

urease test

115
Q

Identify the biochemical test:

determine whether citrate can be used as sole carbon sources

A

Simmons’ citrate

MT6320 (15 decks)

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