1 LEC: Bacterial Morphology, Genetics, Cultivation and ID Flashcards
1
Q
genetic potential of the organism’s DNA
A
genotype
2
Q
expressed genetic characteristics
A
phenotype
3
Q
prokaryotic transcription occurs in the ___ alongside translation
A
cytoplasm
4
Q
single dsDNA, closed, circular, and supercoiled bacterial chromosome
A
bacterial genome
5
Q
extrachromosomal dsDNA; not essential for growth
A
plasmids
6
Q
jumping genes
A
transposons
7
Q
mobile, can jump from one place in the chromosome to another
A
transposons
8
Q
jumping genes can either be ___ or ___
A
simple or composite
9
Q
simplest mobile piece of DNA
A
insertion sequence element
10
Q
causes disruption and inactivation of gene
A
insertion sequence element
11
Q
significant in antibiotic resistance
A
plasmids
transposons
12
Q
gene transfer/exchange between homologous regions on 2 DNA molecules
A
genetic recombination
13
Q
Mechanisms of gene transfer:
take up of naked DNA into bacterial cell
A
transformation
14
Q
species that undergo transformation
A
S. pneumoniae, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae
15
Q
Mechanisms of gene transfer:
transfer of genes by a bacteriophage
A
transduction
16
Q
species that undergo transduction
A
C. diphtheriae
17
Q
refers to the phage in lysogeny
A
temperate
18
Q
Mechanisms of gene transfer:
transfer of genetic material from a donor to a recipient strain
A
sex pili/conjugation pili
19
Q
changes in the base sequence of DNA
A
mutations
20
Q
insertion of different amino acids leading to a different phenotype
A
mutations
21
Q
mutation:
due to tautomeric shift of electrons in bases
A
spontaneous
22
Q
mutation:
due to mutagens
A
induced
23
Q
bacteria that use CO2 as source of carbon
A
autotroph
24
Q
bacteria that require complex substances for growth
A
heterotroph
25
Identify:
Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2
photoautotroph
26
Identify:
Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds
photoheterotroph
27
Identify:
Energy source: organic compounds
Carbon source: CO2
chemoautotroph
28
Identify:
Energy source: organic compounds
Carbon source: organic compounds
chemoheterotroph
29
growth requirement:
synthesis of cell component
carbon source
30
growth requirement:
for protein synthesis
nitrogen source
31
metals needed by bacteria as growth requirement
Mg, K, Fe, Cl, Na, Ca
32
Bacteria that require high osmotic pressure are called ___
archaeabacteria (osmophilic)
33
additional requirement:
Haemophilus spp.
blood (X and V factors)
34
additional requirement:
Mycobacterium spp.
protein
35
additional requirement:
Vibrio spp.
salt
36
additional requirement:
Legionella pneumophila
cysteine
37
optimum pH for bacterial growth
6.5-7.5
38
Acidophilic bacterial species
Lactobacillus acidophilus
39
Alkaphilic bacterial species
Vibrio cholerae
40
Optimum temperature:
mesophilic
20-40C
41
Optimum temperature:
thermophilic
50-60C
42
Optimum temperature:
psychrophilic
<20C
43
Optimum temperature:
bacteria with short optimum temperature range are called
sternothermophilic
44
Optimum temperature:
bacteria with wide optimum temperature range are called
eurithermophilic
45
Example of sternothermophilic bacteria
Neisseria spp. (36.5-37.5C)
46
Example of eurithermophilic bacteria
Enterococcus spp. (10-45C)
47
Bacterial species that has an optimum temp of 42C
P. aeruginosa
C. jejuni
A. baumanni
48
Bacterial species that has an optimum temp of 25-30C
P. fluorescence
M. marinum
49
Examples of psychrophilic bacteria
Yersinia enterocolitica
Listeria monocytogenes
50
Examples of thermophilic bacteria
B. stearothermophilus
T. aquaticus
51
Examples of capnophilic bacteria
Neisseria spp.
Haemophilus spp.
Actinobacteria spp.
Cardiobacterium spp.
Eikenella spp.
Klebsiella spp.
M. tuberculosis
52
Generation time of E. coli
20 minutes
53
Generation time of M. tuberculosis
24 hours
54
the doubling time of a species
generation time
55
the terms of generation per hour
growth rate
56
what is used during direct microscopic count?
Petroff Hausser Counting Chamber
Electronic Cell Counter
57
a solid media is liquid at what temp?
55-60C
58
a solid media melts at what temp?
95-100c
59
this happens in a solid media when put in high temperature
hysteresis
60
dyes used as inhibitor for gr (+) bacteria in media preparation
gentian violet
crystal violet
61
bile salt used as inhibitor for gr (+) bacteria in media preparation
sodium desoxycholate
62
inhibitors for gr (-) bacteria in media preparation
sodium azide
potassium tellurite
63
inhibitor of Lowenstein Jensen medium for TB
malachite green
64
additional inhibitor of Modified Thayer Martin medium
trimethoprim lactate
65
additives of Thayer Martin medium
vancomycin (gr +)
colistin (gr -)
nystatin (fungi)
66
additional inhibitor of Martin Lewis medium
anisomicin
67
additional inhibitor of New York City agar
amphotericin B
68
mannitol salt agar has __% NaCl
7.5
69
indicator of mannitol salt agar
phenol red
70
indicator of thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar
bromothymol blue
71
inhibitor of thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar
thiosulfate, bile salts, high pH
72
transport medium used for stool sample
Amies
Cary-blair
Transgrow
73
identify the media according to use:
alkaline peptone water
enrichment
74
identify the media according to use:
tetrathione
enrichment
75
identify the media according to use:
hafnia
enrichment
76
identify the media according to use:
triple sugar iron agar
biochemical
77
A biochemical media used for gram (-) based on their ability to ferment glucose, lactose, or sucrose to produce H2S and gas
triple sugar iron agar
78
A growth media used for the growth of MTB which needs high protein content
middle brook agar
79
observation of colony morphology is done after __ to __ hours
18-24
80
partial clearing of blood that results in a green discoloration of the medium
alpha hemolysis
81
examples of species that present alpha hemolysis
S. pneumoniae
viridans strep
82
complete clearing of blood cells around the colonies
beta hemolysis
83
examples of species that present beta hemolysis
S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae
L. monocytogenes
84
identify the species:
smooth, filamentous, rough, and rhizoid colonies
B. anthracis
85
identify the species:
filamentous, diphtheroid colonies having rough edges
B. anthracis
86
identify the species:
swarming; hazy blanket of growth on surface
Proteus spp.
87
example of species with umbilicate colony
S. pneumoniae
88
example of species with umbonate colony
diphtheroids
89
identify the species:
gray colony
Enterococcus and most gr (-) rods
90
identify the species:
yellow or off-white colony
Micrococcus
Neisseria
91
identify the species:
buff colony
Diphtheroids
92
identify the species:
creamy colony
S. aureus
93
identify the species:
sticky colony
Neisseria
94
identify the species:
brittle colony
Nocardia
95
identify the species:
dry colony
Streptococci
96
identify the species:
dry and waxy colony
Diphtheroid
97
identify the species:
green or green metallic sheen pigment
P. aeruginosa
98
identify the species:
brick red pigment
S. marcescens
99
identify the species:
blue pigment
Kluyvera
100
identify the species:
purple pigment
C. violaceum
101
identify the species:
brown-black anaerobe
P. melaninogenica
102
identify the species:
odor: old sock
S. aureus
103
identify the species:
odor: fruity/grapelike
P. aeruginosa
104
identify the species:
odor: putrid/burnt chocolate
P. mirabilis
105
identify the species:
odor: musty basement
Haemophilus spp.
106
identify the species:
odor: freshly plowed field
Nocardia spp.
107
identify the species:
odor: bleach
E. corrodens
108
identify the species:
streamers; vinelike growth in media, puff-ball-like
Streptococci
109
identify the species:
scumlike growth
Yeast
110
identify the species:
gas bubbles present
Enterics
111
Identify the biochemical test:
determine glucose and lactose, or sucrose, utilization and hydrogen sulfide production
triple sugar iron
kligler iron agar
112
Identify the biochemical test:
determine end products of glucose fermentation
methyl red
Voges-proskauer
113
Identify the biochemical test:
determine whether indole is formed from tryptophan by tryptophanase
indole test
114
Identify the biochemical test:
determine hydrolysis of urea
urease test
115
Identify the biochemical test:
determine whether citrate can be used as sole carbon sources
Simmons' citrate
