02 NEISSERIA AND MORAXELLA Flashcards
Give the resut
Neisseria:
Cytochrome Oxidase
Catalase
Oxidase (+)
Catalase (+)
Shape and arrangement of Neisseria
Coffee bean/ Kidney in pairs
All Neisseria are diplococci except ___
- N. elongata
- N. bacilliformis
- N. animaloris
- N. weaveri
- N. zoodegmatis
Appear as bacilli
Optimum temparature for Neisseria
32-36C
Neisseria spp. that require strict temperature condition
- N. gonorrhoeae
- N. meningitidis
35-37C (w/ additional iron)
All Neisseria spp. are catalase (+) except __
- N. elongata
- N. bacilliformis
Significant virulent factor of Neisseria
Endotoxin consisting of lipooligosaccharide
LOS instead of LPS
Pathogenic stains of Neisseria
- N. meningitidis
- N. gonorrhoeae
Identify the Neisseria spp.
Commensal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract
N. meningitidis
Identify the Neisseria spp.
Not a part of human normal microbiota and may be obtained from scratch and bite of dogs and cats
N. animaloris
Additional requirement for fastidious Neisseria spp.
- Factor X & V
- Cysteine
- Iron
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Obtain iron from the host
Transferrin receptors
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Antiphagocytic
Capsule
N. meningitidis
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Adhesion and attachment
Pili (fimbriae)
N. gonorrhoeae
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria (cell membrane protein)
Present in N. meningitidis
Por A & Por B
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria (cell membrane protein)
Present in N. gonorrhoeae
Por B
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria (cell membrane protein)
Adhesion to phagocytic cells and epithelial cells
Protein II (Opa)
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria (cell membrane protein)
Blocks IgG action
Protein III (Rmp)
Prevent complement activity
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria (cell membrane protein)
Fights inflammatory response and serum complement-mediated killing
Protein II (Opa)
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Produces spots, rashes, bruises
Endotoxin (LOS)
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Releases “blebs” during period of rapid growth
Endotoxin (LOS)
Virulence factors of pathogenic Neisseria
Damages tissue and elicits an inflammatory response
Endotoxin (LOS)
Identify the Neisseria spp.
Etiologic agent of the 2nd most common STD
N. gonorrhoeae
Identify the Neisseria spp.
Etiologic agent of acute pyogenic infection of nonciliated columnar and transitional epithelium
N. gonorrhoeae
Identify the Neisseria spp.
Etiologic agent of ophthalmia neonatorum
N. gonorrhoeae
Manifestation of N. gonorrhoeae in women that is presented as perihepatitis affecting Glisson’s capsule
Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome
DOC for ophthalmia neonatorum
Erythromycin
Main pathogenic factor of N. gonorrhoeae
Pili
Pathogenic strain of N. gonorrhoeae
T1 & T2
presence of pili
Non-pathogenic strain of N. gonorrhoeae
T3, T4, T5
DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone
DOC for N. gonorrhoeae + C. trachomatis
Ceftriaxone + Azythromycin
Identify the Neisseria spp.
MOT: Droplet infection
N. meningitidis
Identify the Neisseria spp.
More common in crowded areas and colder months
N. meningitidis
Identify the Neisseria spp.
2nd most common cause of meningitis among persons aged 2-18
N. meningitidis
1st - S. pneumoniae
A condition caused by N. meningitidis that causes hemorrhage on adrenal gland, intravenous coagulation, and death within 12-48 hours
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
DOC for N. meningitidis
Penicillin
Cephalosporin (meningococcemia)
T/F: AST is not routinely performed in N. meningitidis
T
Identify the N. meningitidis serotype
Underdeveloped countries
A
Identify the N. meningitidis serotype
In developed countries such as the US and Europe
B
Identify the N. meningitidis serotype
In rare cases may cause pneumonia on adults
- Y
- W1235
Identify the N. meningitidis serotype
Common in US
- C
- Y
Identify the N. meningitidis serotype
Invasive
W135
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Specimen of choice for men
Urethral discharge
others: rectum, pharynx, synovial fluid, blood, CSF
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Specimen of choice for women
Endocervical discharge
others: rectum, pharynx, synovial fluid, blood, CSF
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Manners of collection
- Swab
- Aspirates
- Blood culture
- Lumbar tap
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Clear fluids more than 1mL must be centrifuged at ___ (temp.), ___ (g), at for ___ (time)
room temp
1500 g
15 mins
Transport media for N. gonorrhoeae
Modified Thayer Martin w/ CO2 generator
JEMBEC Plate
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Pattern of cross-streaking
Z-pattern
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Transport medium used to allow direct plating
- JEMBEC Plate
- Gono-Pak
- Transgrow
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Used transport medium if immediate plating is not possible
Amie’s medium with charcoal
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
T/F: After gram staining of male samples, confirmatory biochemical tests are done
F
gram staining is already presumptive for MALE PX.
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Medium of choice
CAP w/ inhibitors
vancomycin, colistin, antifungal agents
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); identify the medium
- Vancomycin
- Colistin
- Nystatin
Thayer Martin
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); identify the medium
- Vancomycin
- Colistin
- Nystatin
- Trimethoprim
Modified Thayer Martin
trimethoprim prevents swarming
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); identify the medium
- Vancomycin
- Colistin
- Trimethoprim
- Anisomicin
Martin Lewis
anisomicin is used instread of nystatin
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); identify the medium
- Vancomycin
- Colistin
- Trimethoprim
- Amphtericin B
New York City Agar
Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma may also grow
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); identify the medium
- Vancomycin
- Lincomycin
- Colistin
- Amphotericin B
- Trimethroprim
GC LECT
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Differentiates Neisseria from Kingella & Acinetobacter
10-unit Penicillin disk
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae)
Presumptive test for N. gonorrhoeae
Superoxol test
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); immunologic test
Principle: coagglutination
Uses antibodies to detect carrier strains of S. aureus
Phadebact
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); immunologic test
Principle: colorimetry
Detects soluble particles
GonoGenII
Laboratory dx. (N. gonorrhoeae); immunologic test
Uses fluorescein-labelled antibodies
MicroTrak assay
Incubation conditions of N. gonorrhoeae
35C in 3-5% CO2
Incubation conditions of N. gonorrhoeae
5-10% CO2; within 18-24 hrs
M. catarrhalis is formerly known as ___
Branhamella catarrhalis
:)
3rd most common cause of otitis media
M. catarrhalis
Has “hockeypuck” consistency
M. catarrhalis
Older colonies of M. catarrhalis appear ___
Wagon wheel
Optimum growing temperature for M. catarrhalis
28C
Laboratory dx. that differentiates Neisseria from M. catarrhalis
CHO test
M. catarrhalis: asaccharolytic
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Mistaken for N. gonorrhoeae but grows on BAP
N. cnerea
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Causes nosocomial pneumonia; susceptible to colistin
N. cinera
N. gonorrhoeae is colistin (R)
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Yellow pigmented
N. flavescens
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Uses lactose
N. lactamica
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Large colonies; very mucoid; causes pneumonia
N. mucosa
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Produces large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide in media containing 1% to 5% sucrose
N. polysaccharea
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Dry, wrinkled; breadcrumb like colonies
N. sicca
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Less yellow pigmented colonies
N. subflava
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Rod shaped
N. elongata
Identify the commensal Neisseria
Normal flora on dogs; potential pathogen that has reported cases of septicemia among immunocompromised
N. weaveri