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MT6320 > 02 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI (Streptococcus & Related Organisms) > Flashcards

02 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI (Streptococcus & Related Organisms) Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococcus and Enterococcus are from family ___

A

Streptococcaceae

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2
Q

based on oxygen requirement

Streptococcus and Enterococcus are ___

A

facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

give the result

Streptococcus and Enterococcus are catalase (_)

A

negative

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4
Q

Streptococcus and Enterococcus are susceptible to ___

A

Vancomycin

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5
Q

Streptococcus and Enterococcus require selective media such as ___ with antibiotics

A

BAP

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6
Q

Sherman’s classification

Grows at 37C; pus forming

A

Pyogenic

S. pyogenes

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7
Q

Sherman’s classification

Grows at 37C and 45C

A

Viridans

S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguis

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8
Q

Sherman’s classification

Grows at 10C and 37C

A

Lactic

S. lactis

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9
Q

Sherman’s classification

Grows on dairy products

A

Lactic

S. lactis

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10
Q

Sherman’s classification

Grows at 10C, 37C, and 45C

A

Enterococcal

E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. avium

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11
Q

Sherman’s classification

Part of the normal flora but can be opportunistic

A

Enterococcal

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12
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Cell wall polysaccharide

A

A, B, C, F, G

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13
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Cell wall teichoic acids

A

D and enterococcus

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14
Q

Not classified under Rebecca Lancefield Classification

A
  • Viridans strep
  • S. pneumoniae

has no carbon C carbohydrate

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15
Q

Brown’s classification (based on hemolytic pattern)

Beta hemolytic

A
  • Grp A Strep
  • Grp B Strep
  • Grp C, F, G

S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

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16
Q

Brown’s classification (based on hemolytic pattern)

Alpa hemolytic

A
  • Viridans strep
  • S. pneumoniae
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17
Q

Brown’s classification (based on hemolytic pattern)

Gamma hemolytic

A
  • Grp D Strep
  • Enterococcus
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18
Q

The visualization of alpha-prime hemolysis is enhanced with ___

A

refrigeration

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19
Q

Beta hemolysin

Oxygen labile and antigenic

A

Streptolysin O

causes subsurface hemolysis

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20
Q

Beta hemolysin

Oxygen stable; surface hemolysis

A

Streptolysin S

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21
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. pyogenes

A

Grp A

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22
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. agalactiae

A

Grp B

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23
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. dysagalactiae

A

Grp C

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24
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. equi

A

Grp C

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25
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. bovis

A

Grp D

non-enterococcus member of viridans strep

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26
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

E. faecalis, E. faecium

A

Grp D

Enterococcus

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27
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

S. pneumoniae

A

Grp D

Pneumococcus

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28
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Anginosus group, mutans group, mitis group, salivarius group

A

Viridans strep

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29
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, pharyngitis, glomerulonephrities, pyogenic infections

A

Grp A

S. pyogenes

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30
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes neonatal sepsis, meningitis, puerperal fever, pyogenic infections

A

Grp B

S. agalactiae

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31
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes pharyngitis, impetigo, pyogenic infections

A

Grp C

S. disagalactiae, S. equi

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32
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes endocarditis, UTIs, pyogenic infections

A

Grp D

S. bovis group

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33
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes UTIs, pyogenic infections, pneumonia, meningitis

A

Grp D

E. faecalis, E. faecium, S. pneumoniae

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34
Q

Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes pyogenic infections, endocarditis, dental caries, abscesses in various tissues

A

Viridans strep

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35
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Colonizes skin and throat

A

S. pyogenes

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36
Q

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes; associated with sequelae

A

M protein

present in the cell wall

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37
Q

Virulence factor that causes rheumatic heart disease and glomerulonephritis

A

M protein

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38
Q

M protein is coded by ___

A

EMM gene

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39
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Most common manifestation includes tonsilitis and pharyngitis

A

S. pyogenes

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40
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Causes “strep throat”

A

S. pyogenes

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41
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Associated with lymphadenopathy

A

S. pyogenes

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42
Q

The pyodermal infection caused by S. pyogenes produces ___ toxin

A

Erythogenic

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43
Q

The Erythogenic toxin is also known as ___

A

Scarlatina toxin/ Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin

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44
Q

Pyodermal infection characterized by erythema and edema

A

Erysipelas

different from Erysipeloid caused by E. rhusiopathiae

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45
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Causes necrotizing fascitis; necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia

A

S. pyogenes

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46
Q

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is caused by ___

A

Pyogenic exotoxin A

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47
Q

Poststreptococcal sequelae include ___ and ___

A
  • Acute rheumatic fever
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
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48
Q

Postreptococcal sequelae

Characterized by fever, arthralgia, cardiac valvular disease

A

Acute rheumatic fever, Rheumatic heart disease

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49
Q

Postreptococcal sequelae

Characterized by edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria, and RBC casts

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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50
Q

DOC for Grp A Streptococcus infection

A

Penicilin or Erythromycin

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51
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Antigenic; O2 labile

A

Streptolysin O

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52
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Non-antigenic; O2 stable

A

Streptolysin S

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53
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Causes fever, skin rash or scarlet fever, blood brain alteration, organ damage

A

Erythrogenic/ Pyogenic toxins A, B, C

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54
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Protease implicated in flesh eating streptococci

A

Exotoxin B

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55
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Lysis of blood clots; spread of infection

A

Streptokinase

56
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

DNAse

A

Streptodornase

most common: DNAse B

57
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (extracellular)

Induce proliferation of host T-lymphocytes

A

Superantigens

58
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (cell surface antigen)

Mucoid colonies; antiphagocytic

A
  • M protein
  • Hyaluronidase
59
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (cell surface antigen)

Spreading factor

A

Hyaluronidase

60
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp A Streptococcus (cell surface antigen)

Mediates epithelial cell attachment

A

Protein F

Fibronectin binding protein

61
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Cause of mastitis in cattle and invasive disease in newborns

A

S. agalactiae

Grp B Strep

62
Q

Identify the Streptococcus spp.

Normal flora of GI tract, pharynx, and vaginal tract

A

S. agalactiae

Grp B Strep

63
Q

DOC for Grp B Strep infections

A

Penicillin

64
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp B Streptococcus

Sialic Acid

A

Capsule

65
Q

Pathogenic determinant of Grp B Streptococcus

Promote/ enhance hemolysis

A

CAMP factors

Christie Atkins Munch-Petersen

66
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Ability to grow in 40% bile and hydrolyze esculine

A

Grp D strep & Enterococcus

67
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Gr (+) cocci that are nomal flora of GI tract of animals and humans; produce Grp D antigen and is able to grow under extreme conditions

A

Enterococcus

E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. avium

68
Q

Most common Enterococcus that causes nosocomial UTI and wound infections

A

E. faecalis

69
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes UTI, wound infections; intraabdominal abscesses, endocarditis, bacteremia

A

Enterococcus

70
Q

T/F: Enterococcus are penicillin resistant

A

T

DOC: cell wall inhibitor (vanco/ampi) + aminoglycoside (genta/strep)

71
Q

Pathogenic type of Grp D Non-Enterococci

A

Streptococcus bovis group

No longer a valid species

72
Q

Group D Non-Enterococci

Non-pathogenic but opportunistic

A

S. equinus

73
Q

Group D Non-Enterococci

High association with colon cancer

A

S. bovis

74
Q

Streptococcus bovis group include ___ and ___

A
  • S. equinus
  • S. gallolyticus
75
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Causes severe pharyngitis; pneumonia, cellulitis, abscess

A

Grp C Streptococcus

S. equi, S. equsimilis, S. zooepidemicus, S. dysagalactiae

76
Q

Grp C Streptococcus that causes strangles among horses

A

S. equi

77
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Miscellaneous lancefield groups

A

Grp F & G

S. anginosus

78
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Cultures have honeysuckle odor

A

Group F & G

79
Q

Identify the Streptococcus Rebecca Lancefield Classification

Normal flora of the GI tract, vaginal tract, and oropharynx

A

Group G

80
Q

Viridans Streptococci means “___”

A

Green

81
Q

T/F: Viridans Streptococci has no polysaccharide component

A

T

82
Q

Most common subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Viridans Streptococci

83
Q

Causes gingivitis & dental caries

A

Viridans Streptococci

84
Q

Most common Viridans Streptococci

A

S. mutans

85
Q

Viridans Steptococci

Causes dental caries

A

S. mutans

86
Q

Viridans Steptococci

Causes endocarditis

A

S. salivarius

87
Q

Viridans Steptococci

Causes bacteremia and abscess

A

S. constellatus

88
Q

S. pneumoniae is under the ___ group, but is more virulent

A

S. mitis

89
Q

Leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae

90
Q

DOC for S. pneumoniae

A

Erythromycin & Chloramphenicol

91
Q

Number 1 cause of bacterial pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae

92
Q

Most important virulent factor of S. pneumoniae that plays a role in the occurence of disease

A

Polysaccharide capsule

93
Q

Nutritionally variant Streptococci

A
  • Abiotrophia
  • Granulicatella
94
Q

Nutritionally variant Streptococci requires the growth of which spp. as they produce pyridoxal or thiol needed for growth?

A
  • S. aureus
  • K. pneumoniae
  • E. coli
95
Q

These genus resemble Viridans Streptococci and cause diseases similar to those caused by enterococci and streptococci

A
  • Abiotrophia
  • Aerococcus
  • Gemella
  • Lactococcus
  • Leuconostoc
  • Pediococcus
96
Q

Identify the strep-like organism

Common airborns organism

A

Aerococcus

97
Q

Identify the strep-like organism

Vancomycin-resistant organism that causes endocarditis, wounds, and abscesses

A

Gemella

98
Q

Identify the strep-like organism

Vancomycin-resistant organism that is previously part of Group N and causes UTI and endocarditis

A

Lactococcus

99
Q

Identify the strep-like organism

Present in plant surfaces, vegetables, and milk products; opportunistic pathogen

A

Leuconostoc

100
Q

Identify the strep-like organism

Can grow at 45C and causes bacteremia, asbcess, meningitis among patients who underwent surgery

A

Pediococcus

101
Q

Identify the media

Selective for Gr (+) cocci

A

PEA, CNA

101
Q

Identify the media

Used for Group B Strep, for vaginal or rectal swab/discharge

A

Granada Agar

102
Q

Identify the media

Produces orange coloration in Group B Strep growth

A

Carrot broth

103
Q

Identify the media

Selective broth for Group B Strep

A

Todd Hewitt Broth

104
Q

Additionaly antibiotics for Todd Hewitt Broth

2 pairs

A
  • Gentamicin & Nalidixic Acid
  • Colistin & Nalidixic Acid
105
Q

Additional requirement of nutritionally variant Strep

A

Pyridoxal

106
Q

Antibiotics added to BAP to grow Group A Strep

A

TMP SXT

GAS are B-hemolytic

107
Q

Preferred sample for S. pyogenes diagnosis and culture

A

Throat swab

108
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Pinpoint, opalescent or gray, smooth and glossy, mucoid; b-hemolytic

A

Grp A

109
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Pinpoint, grayish, white mucoid colonies, b-hemolytic (small zone)

A

Grp B

110
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Pinpoint colonies; alpha or gamma hemolytic colonies

A

Grp D Enterococcus

111
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Tend to dip down in the center and resemble a doughnut as they age

A

S. pneumoniae

112
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Minute to small, gray, domed, smooth or matte; alpha-hemolytic or nonhemolytic

A

Viridans

113
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

Penny coin with raised rim

A

S. pneumoniae

114
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep based on BAP growth

a-hemolytic

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Viridans
115
Q

Laboratory dx.

Presumptive test for S. pyogenes

A
  • Taxo A
  • Sulfamethoxazole

Taxo A (S), Sxt (R)

116
Q

Laboratory dx.

Presumptive test for Grp B Strep

A

CAMP Test

(+): Arrow head hemolysis pattern

Christie, Atkins, Munch-Petersen

117
Q

Laboratory dx.

Used to differentiate b-hemolytic Streptococcus

A

PYR Test

118
Q

Laboratory dx.

Used to identify Group D Enterococcus

A

PYR Test

(+): Red

119
Q

Laboratory dx.

The only Streptococcus that is PYR Test (+)

A

S. pyogenes

120
Q

Laboratory dx.

Used to differentiate S. agalactiae from other B-hemolytic Strep

A

Hippurate Hyrdolysis w/ Ninhydrin Reagent

(+): GBS, Violet; presence of hippuricase enzyme

121
Q

Laboratory dx.

Test to differentiate Viridans

A

Voges Proskauer

S. mitis (-)
Anginosus Grp. (+)

122
Q

Laboratory dx.

Differentiates Aerococcus and Leuconostoc

A

LAP Test

Leucine Aminopeptidase Test; (+): Red

123
Q

Laboratory dx.

Result of Aerococcus and Leuconostoc in LAP test

A

Negative

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus (+)

124
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep.

Taxo B (S)
Taxo P (S)

A

S. pneumoniae

125
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep.

Taxo A (S)
SMZ (R)

A

Grp A

126
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep.

Taxo A (R)
SMZ (R)

A

Grp B

127
Q

Laboratory dx.

The production of clear solution in Bile Solubility Test is indicative of the presence of what enzyme?

A

S. pneumonial autocatalytic enzyme

128
Q

Laboratory dx.

Susceptibility test for Scarlet Fever

A

Dick’s test

(+): redness

129
Q

Laboratory dx.

The Dick’s Test detects what toxin?

A

Scarlatina toxin

130
Q

Laboratory dx.

Confirmatory test for Scarlet Fever

A

Schultz Charlton

(+): Blanching, neutralized phenomenon
Injected w/ antitoxin

131
Q

Laboratory dx.

Detects antibody against streptolysin coat and increased sequelae risk

A

ASO Test

132
Q

Identify the Grp of Strep.

Taxo A (R)
SMZ (S)

A

Grp C

133
Q

Sherman’s Classification

10C (-)
37C (+)
42-45C (-)
6.5% NaCl (-)
Skim Milk w/ MB (-)

A

Pyogenic

134
Q

Sherman’s Classification

10C (+)
37C (+)
42-45C (+)
6.5% NaCl (+)
Skim Milk w/ MB (+)

A

Enterococcus

135
Q

Sherman’s Classification

10C (+)
37C (+)
42-45C (-)
6.5% NaCl (-)
Skim Milk w/ MB (+)

A

Lactic

136
Q

Sherman’s Classification

10C (-)
37C (+)
42-45C (+)
6.5% NaCl (-)
Skim Milk w/ MB (-)

A

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