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MT6320 > 02 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI (Staph & Micrococcus) > Flashcards

02 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI (Staph & Micrococcus) Flashcards

1
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Catalase result for Staphylococcus

A

Positive

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2
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Catalase result for Micrococcus

A

Positive

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3
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Anaerobic growth for Staphylococcus

A

Positive

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4
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Anaerobic growth for Micrococcus

A

Negative

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5
Q

Glucose utilization of Staphylococcus

A

Fermentative

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6
Q

Glucose utilization of Micrococcus

A

Oxidative/ Nonsaccharolytic

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7
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Modified oxidase test for Staphylococcus

A

Negative

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8
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Modified oxidase test for Micrococcus

A

Positive

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9
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Benzidine test for Staphylococcus

A

Negative

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10
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Benzidine test for Micrococcus

A

Positive

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11
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Production of acid from glycerol in the presence of erythromycin for Staphylococcus

A

Positive

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12
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Production of acid from glycerol in the presence of erythromycin for Micrococcus

A

Negative

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13
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Growth on Furoxone-Tween 80 oil red O agar for Staphylococcus

A

Negative

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14
Q

Tell whether positive or negative

Growth on Furozone-Tween 80 oil red O agar for Micrococcus

A

Positive

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15
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Lysostaphin for Staphylococcus

A

Susceptible

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16
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Lysostaphin for Micrococcus

A

Resistant

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17
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Bacitracin for Staphylococcus

A

Resistant

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18
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Bacitracin for Micrococcus

A

Susceptible

more than or equal to 10mm ZOI

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19
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Furazolidone for Staphylococcus

A

Susceptible

more than or equal to 15 mm

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20
Q

Tell whether susceptible or resistant

Furazolidone for Micrococcus

A

Resistant

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21
Q

Micrococci belong to the family ___

A

Micrococcaceae

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22
Q

Usually normal flora and associated with skin lesions and more commonly isolated among immunocompromised patients

A

Micrococci

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23
Q

Micrococci may be found in the ___

A

Environment

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24
Q

Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for Staphylococcus

A
  1. *Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus
  2. Aerococcus
  3. Alloiococcus otitis*
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25
Q

Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for Staphylococcus

Gr (+) encapsulated cocci

A

Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus

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26
Q

Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for Staphylococcus

Emerging pathogen causing UTI and endocarditis

A

Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus

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27
Q

Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus

Often from airdust and hospital environment

A

Aerococcus

they are also catalase (+)

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28
Q

Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus

First isolated in the ear

A

Alloiococcus otitis

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29
Q

Staphylococci belong to family ___

A

Staphylococcaceae

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30
Q

Staphylococci are Gr (+) cocci that are usually ____ in size

A

0.5-1.5 um

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31
Q

All Staphylococci are catalase positive except ___

A

S. aureus subsp. anaerobius and S. saccharolyticus

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32
Q

All Staphylococcis are modified oxidase negative except ___

A

S. sciuri, S. lentus, S. vitulus

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33
Q

The positive result for modified oxidase test is ___

A

Blue-purple coloration

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34
Q

T/F

All Staphylococci are non-motile and non-sporeformers

A

T

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35
Q

All Staphylococci are aerobic or facultative anaerobe except ___

A

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus

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36
Q

Colonial morphology

Staphylococci:

S. albus

A

Buttery-looking, white colony

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37
Q

Colonial morphology

*Staphylococci:

S. aureus*

A

Golden yellow

due to Staphyloxanthin

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38
Q

Colonial morphology

*Staphylococci:

S. citrus*

A

Lemon yellow

more seen in Loeffler’s serum slant

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39
Q

General morphology of Staphylococci colonies

A
  • Pinhead/ Medium sized
  • Raised
  • Creamy
  • Lemon yellow or golden yellow
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40
Q

Most clinically significant Staphylococci

A

S. aureus

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41
Q

Other coagulase producing Staphylococci

A
  • S. intermedius
  • S. pseudointermedius
  • S. hyicus
  • S. delphini
  • S. lutrae
  • S. agnetis
  • some strains of S. schleiferi
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42
Q

Novobiocin susceptible CONS

CONS = Coagulase negative Staphylococci

A

S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus

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43
Q

Novobiocin resistant CONS

CONS = Coagulase negative Staphylococci

A

S. saprophyticus, S. xylosus

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44
Q

Primary reservoir of S. aureus in humans

A

Human nares

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45
Q

Coagulase negative Staphylococci

A
  • S. epidermidis
  • S. lugdunensis
  • S. saprophyticus
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46
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

Causes a wide variety of diseases such as pimples, sty, cellulitis, folliculities, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning, impetifo, furnucles, and carbuncles

A

S. aureus

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47
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

Can be recovered from almost any clinical specimen

A

S. aureus

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48
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

Also an important cause of nosocomial and opportunistic infections

A

S. aureus

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49
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Trigger exaggerated immune response

A

TSS-1; superantigens

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50
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Associated with the smooth muscle of blood vessels

A

Alpha hemolysin

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51
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Heat-labile, “hot-cold” lysin

A

Beta hemolysin

“sphingomyelin”

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52
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Hemolysin associated with Panton Valentine Factor

A

Gamma hemolysin

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53
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Prevents B-lactam action; present in MRSA

A

PBP2

54
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Hydrolyzed by staphylcoagulase in the intracellular ground substance

A

Hyaluronidase

55
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Act on lipid present on the sebaceous glands

A

Lipase

56
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Lyse fibrinogen; cell-bound

A

Staphycoagulase

“free coagulase”; that’s why it is slide coagulase (+)

57
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Causes scalded skin syndrome

A

Exfoliative toxin

58
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Cell wall component that prevent opsonization

A

Protein A

Antiphagocytic

59
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Activate complement (IL1)

endotoxin

A

Teichoic acid

60
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Chemotactic factor for PMN

A

Teichoic acid

recruit PMN to go into infection = puss formation

61
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Capable of destroying tissues and responsible for spread of infection

A
  • DNAse
  • Lipase
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Staphylokinase
62
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Causes diarrhea & vomitting

A

Enterotoxins

heat-stable toxins

63
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A, B, D

64
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Linked with pseudomembranous enterocolitis

A

Enterotoxin B

65
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Causes almost all cases of menstruating TSS

TSS = toxic shock syndrome

A

TSST-1

66
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Absorbed through vaginal mucosse

A

TSST-1

67
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Chromosomal-mediated toxin; stimulates T-cell proliferation & symptoms

A

TSST-1

68
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

TSST-1 is previously called ___

A

Enterotoxin F

69
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Exfoliative toxin is also known as ___

A

Epidermolytic toxin

70
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Implicated in Ritter-Lyell disease

Ritter-Lyell disease = scalded skin or dermatitis exfoliativa

A

Exfoliative toxin

71
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Implicated in Bullous impetigo

A

Exfoliative toxin

72
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Extracellular toxins that affect RBCs and WBCs

A

Cytolytic toxins

73
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

WBC destruction; antiphagocytic

A

Leukocidin

associated w/ PVF

74
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Localization of abscess

A

Staphylocoagulase

virulence marker; used for diagnosis

75
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Beta hemolysin is associated with enhanced hemolytic activity at __ C incubation

A

37C

76
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Associated with invasiveness of organism by suppressing phagocytosis and has rotizing pneumonia

A

Panton-Valentine factor

under gamma hemolysin

77
Q

S. aureus virulence factor

Less toxic hemolysin

A

Delta hemolysin

78
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

Occurs among newborns and previously healthy young children; also seen among adults with chronic renal failure

A

Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)

79
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

A multisystemic disease that is rare, but is potentially fatal

A

Toxic shock syndrome

80
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

Has multiple causes; may be due to a hypersensitivity reaction; very similar initial presentation to that of SSS

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

81
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

Gastrointestinal disturbances

A

Staphylococcal food poisoning

82
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

Staphylococcal food poisoning has an incubation period of ___

A

2-8 hrs

83
Q

Most common enterotoxin causing food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A

84
Q

Other infection cause by S. aureus

Increased WBC; presence of organism in synovial fluid

A

Septic arthritis

may also be caused by N. gonorrhoeae

85
Q

S. aureus-associated infection

Most common

A

Osteomyelitis

86
Q

CONS

50% of CONS isolates

A

S. epidermidis

87
Q

CONS

Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

S. epidermidis

Also causes “stitch abscess”

88
Q

CONS

Common cause of nosocomial UTIs

A

S. epidermidis

89
Q

CONS

Usually a normal inhabitant of the skin

A

S. epidermidis

90
Q

CONS

A common blood culture contaminant and may colonize medical devices

A

S. epidermidis

91
Q

CONS

2nd most common cause of UTIs

A

S. saprophyticus

92
Q

CONS

Associated with pyelonephritis and cystitis in young women and in older men using catheters

A

S. saprophyticus

93
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

A cause of nosocomial infections such as aggressive endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, and skin and soft tissue infections

A

S. lugdunensis

94
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

Has a high mortality rate due to aggressive endocarditis

A

S. lugdunensis

95
Q

Staphylococcus spp.

S. ludgunensis is slide coagulase (_)

A

Positive

positive for clumping factor

96
Q

Other Staphylococci

Present in dogs

A

S. intermedius

97
Q

Other Staphylococci

Present in dolphins

A

S. delphini

98
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Preferred sample

A

Aspirate

if there is an inflammation

99
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.; culture media

Selective for Gr (+) cocci

A

Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Agar

100
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.; culture media

Selective and differential for Staphylococcus spp. based on mannitol fermentation

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

101
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.; culture media

Positive result for CHROMagar for S. aureus identification

A

mauve/ pink coloration

102
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.;

Beta-hemolytic; pinhead colonies and greenish discoloration in CAP

A

S. aureus

103
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.;

Small-medium sized, gray colonies; non-hemolytic

A

S. epidermidis

104
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.;

Medium sized colonies; beta-hemolytic

A

S. lugdunensis

105
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.;

Mannitol fermenter

A

S. aureus

yellow coloration on MSA

106
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.;

Non-mannitol fermenter

A

S. epidermidis

no color change in MSA; pink

107
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Reagent of catalase test

A

3% H2O2

108
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Reagent of modified oxidase test

A

6% tetramethylphenylenediamine HCl in DMSO

109
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Positive result for modified oxidase test

A

Dark blue

110
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Colonies from __ causes false positive result in catalase test

A

BAP

111
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Causes false positive in modified oxidase test

A

The use of nichrome/ iron loops

112
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Reagen of coagulase test

A

Rabbit plasma

113
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

In coagulase test, the clot can be dissolved by ___

A

Staphylokinase

“staphylococcal fibrinolysin/ Muller’s factor”

114
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Differentiates organisms based on the ability to oxidize of ferment sugars

A

Oxidation fermentation test

115
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Reagent of DNAse test

A

Toluidine blue or Methyl green

116
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Positive result for DNAse test

A

Hydrolysis of surrounding medium

clear zone

117
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Tests for the formation of acetoin from glucose

through Butylene Glycol pathway

A

Voges Proskauer test

118
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Differentiates coagulase (+) Staphylococcus

A
  • Voges Proskauer test
  • PYR test
119
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Positive result for Voges Proskauer test

A

Red coloration in MRVP broth

120
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Positive result for PYR test

A

Pink or cherry-red coloration

121
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Useful test to differentiate CONS

A

Novobiocin

S. aureus (S); S. saprophyticus (R)

122
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Most useful for confirming S. lugdunensis

A

Ornithine decarboxylase test

(+): Violate coloration on ODC tube

123
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Gold standard for MRSA detection

A

detection of mecA gene

124
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Recommended screening test for MRSA

A

Cefoxitin test

30 ug; less than or equal to 21 mm (R)

125
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

The MRSA screen agar uses ___ with ___ NaCl

A

oxacillin
2-4%

growth indicates Methicillin resistance

126
Q

DOC for VRSA

A

Linezolid

127
Q

Laboratory dx. of Staphylococcus spp.

Macrolide resistance is detected through what method?

A

D-zone test

erythromycin & clindamyzin 15 mm apart

128
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.

Slide coagulase (+)
Tube coagulase (-)
ODC (+)

A

S. lugdunensis

129
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.

Slide coagulase (+)
Tube coagulase (-)
ODC (-)

A

S. hyicus

130
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.

Novobiocin (R)
Polymyxin B (S)

A

S. saprophyticus

131
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.

Novobiocin (S)
Polymyxin B (R)

A

S. epidermidis

132
Q

Identify the Staphylococcus spp.

Novobiocin (S)
Polymyxin B (S)

A

S. haemolyticus

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