02 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI (Staph & Micrococcus) Flashcards
1
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Catalase result for Staphylococcus
A
Positive
2
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Catalase result for Micrococcus
A
Positive
3
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Anaerobic growth for Staphylococcus
A
Positive
4
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Anaerobic growth for Micrococcus
A
Negative
5
Q
Glucose utilization of Staphylococcus
A
Fermentative
6
Q
Glucose utilization of Micrococcus
A
Oxidative/ Nonsaccharolytic
7
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Modified oxidase test for Staphylococcus
A
Negative
8
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Modified oxidase test for Micrococcus
A
Positive
9
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Benzidine test for Staphylococcus
A
Negative
10
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Benzidine test for Micrococcus
A
Positive
11
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Production of acid from glycerol in the presence of erythromycin for Staphylococcus
A
Positive
12
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Production of acid from glycerol in the presence of erythromycin for Micrococcus
A
Negative
13
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Growth on Furoxone-Tween 80 oil red O agar for Staphylococcus
A
Negative
14
Q
Tell whether positive or negative
Growth on Furozone-Tween 80 oil red O agar for Micrococcus
A
Positive
15
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Lysostaphin for Staphylococcus
A
Susceptible
16
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Lysostaphin for Micrococcus
A
Resistant
17
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Bacitracin for Staphylococcus
A
Resistant
18
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Bacitracin for Micrococcus
A
Susceptible
more than or equal to 10mm ZOI
19
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Furazolidone for Staphylococcus
A
Susceptible
more than or equal to 15 mm
20
Q
Tell whether susceptible or resistant
Furazolidone for Micrococcus
A
Resistant
21
Q
Micrococci belong to the family ___
A
Micrococcaceae
22
Q
Usually normal flora and associated with skin lesions and more commonly isolated among immunocompromised patients
A
Micrococci
23
Q
Micrococci may be found in the ___
A
Environment
24
Q
Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for Staphylococcus
A
- *Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus
- Aerococcus
- Alloiococcus otitis*
25
# Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for *Staphylococcus*
Gr (+) encapsulated cocci
*Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus*
26
# Other gram positive cocci that may be mistaken for *Staphylococcus*
Emerging pathogen causing UTI and endocarditis
*Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus*
27
# *Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus*
Often from airdust and hospital environment
*Aerococcus*
| they are also catalase (+)
28
# *Rothia mucilaginosa/ Stomatococcus mucilanginosus*
First isolated in the ear
*Alloiococcus otitis*
29
*Staphylococci* belong to family ___
*Staphylococcaceae*
30
*Staphylococci* are Gr (+) cocci that are usually ____ in size
0.5-1.5 um
31
All *Staphylococci* are catalase positive except ___
*S. aureus subsp. anaerobius* and *S. saccharolyticus*
32
All *Staphylococcis* are modified oxidase negative except ___
*S. sciuri, S. lentus, S. vitulus*
33
The positive result for modified oxidase test is ___
Blue-purple coloration
34
# T/F
All *Staphylococci* are non-motile and non-sporeformers
T
35
All *Staphylococci* are aerobic or facultative anaerobe except ___
*Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus*
36
# Colonial morphology
*Staphylococci*:
*S. albus*
Buttery-looking, white colony
37
# Colonial morphology
*Staphylococci:
S. aureus*
Golden yellow
| due to Staphyloxanthin
38
# Colonial morphology
*Staphylococci:
S. citrus*
Lemon yellow
| more seen in Loeffler's serum slant
39
General morphology of *Staphylococci* colonies
* Pinhead/ Medium sized
* Raised
* Creamy
* Lemon yellow or golden yellow
40
Most clinically significant *Staphylococci*
*S. aureus*
41
Other coagulase producing *Staphylococci*
* *S. intermedius*
* *S. pseudointermedius*
* *S. hyicus*
* *S. delphini*
* *S. lutrae*
* *S. agnetis*
* some strains of *S. schleiferi*
42
Novobiocin susceptible CONS
| CONS = Coagulase negative *Staphylococci*
*S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus*
43
Novobiocin resistant CONS
| CONS = Coagulase negative *Staphylococci*
*S. saprophyticus, S. xylosus*
44
Primary reservoir of *S. aureus* in humans
Human nares
45
Coagulase negative *Staphylococci*
* *S. epidermidis*
* *S. lugdunensis*
* *S. saprophyticus*
46
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
Causes a wide variety of diseases such as pimples, sty, cellulitis, folliculities, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning, impetifo, furnucles, and carbuncles
*S. aureus*
47
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
Can be recovered from almost any clinical specimen
*S. aureus*
48
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
Also an important cause of nosocomial and opportunistic infections
*S. aureus*
49
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Trigger exaggerated immune response
TSS-1; superantigens
50
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Associated with the smooth muscle of blood vessels
Alpha hemolysin
51
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Heat-labile, "hot-cold" lysin
Beta hemolysin
| "sphingomyelin"
52
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Hemolysin associated with Panton Valentine Factor
Gamma hemolysin
53
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Prevents B-lactam action; present in MRSA
PBP2
54
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Hydrolyzed by staphylcoagulase in the intracellular ground substance
Hyaluronidase
55
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Act on lipid present on the sebaceous glands
Lipase
56
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Lyse fibrinogen; cell-bound
Staphycoagulase
| "free coagulase"; that's why it is slide coagulase (+)
57
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Causes scalded skin syndrome
Exfoliative toxin
58
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Cell wall component that prevent opsonization
Protein A
| Antiphagocytic
59
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Activate complement (IL1)
| endotoxin
Teichoic acid
60
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Chemotactic factor for PMN
Teichoic acid
| recruit PMN to go into infection = puss formation
61
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Capable of destroying tissues and responsible for spread of infection
* DNAse
* Lipase
* Hyaluronidase
* Staphylokinase
62
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Causes diarrhea & vomitting
Enterotoxins
| heat-stable toxins
63
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Enterotoxin A, B, D
64
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Linked with pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Enterotoxin B
65
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Causes almost all cases of menstruating TSS
| TSS = toxic shock syndrome
TSST-1
66
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Absorbed through vaginal mucosse
TSST-1
67
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Chromosomal-mediated toxin; stimulates T-cell proliferation & symptoms
TSST-1
68
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
TSST-1 is previously called ___
Enterotoxin F
69
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Exfoliative toxin is also known as ___
Epidermolytic toxin
70
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Implicated in Ritter-Lyell disease
| Ritter-Lyell disease = scalded skin or dermatitis exfoliativa
Exfoliative toxin
71
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Implicated in Bullous impetigo
Exfoliative toxin
72
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Extracellular toxins that affect RBCs and WBCs
Cytolytic toxins
73
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
WBC destruction; antiphagocytic
Leukocidin
| associated w/ PVF
74
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Localization of abscess
Staphylocoagulase
| virulence marker; used for diagnosis
75
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Beta hemolysin is associated with enhanced hemolytic activity at __ C incubation
37C
76
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Associated with invasiveness of organism by suppressing phagocytosis and has rotizing pneumonia
Panton-Valentine factor
| under gamma hemolysin
77
# *S. aureus* virulence factor
Less toxic hemolysin
Delta hemolysin
78
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
Occurs among newborns and previously healthy young children; also seen among adults with chronic renal failure
Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)
79
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
A multisystemic disease that is rare, but is potentially fatal
Toxic shock syndrome
80
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
Has multiple causes; may be due to a hypersensitivity reaction; very similar initial presentation to that of SSS
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
81
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Staphylococcal food poisoning
82
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
Staphylococcal food poisoning has an incubation period of ___
2-8 hrs
83
Most common enterotoxin causing food poisoning
Enterotoxin A
84
# Other infection cause by *S. aureus*
Increased WBC; presence of organism in synovial fluid
Septic arthritis
| may also be caused by *N. gonorrhoeae*
85
# *S. aureus*-associated infection
Most common
Osteomyelitis
86
# CONS
50% of CONS isolates
*S. epidermidis*
87
# CONS
Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis
*S. epidermidis*
| Also causes "stitch abscess"
88
# CONS
Common cause of nosocomial UTIs
*S. epidermidis*
89
# CONS
Usually a normal inhabitant of the skin
*S. epidermidis*
90
# CONS
A common blood culture contaminant and may colonize medical devices
*S. epidermidis*
91
# CONS
2nd most common cause of UTIs
*S. saprophyticus*
92
# CONS
Associated with pyelonephritis and cystitis in young women and in older men using catheters
*S. saprophyticus*
93
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
A cause of nosocomial infections such as aggressive endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, and skin and soft tissue infections
*S. lugdunensis*
94
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
Has a high mortality rate due to aggressive endocarditis
*S. lugdunensis*
95
# *Staphylococcus spp.*
*S. ludgunensis* is slide coagulase (_)
Positive
| positive for clumping factor
96
# Other *Staphylococci*
Present in dogs
*S. intermedius*
97
# Other *Staphylococci*
Present in dolphins
*S. delphini*
98
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Preferred sample
Aspirate
| if there is an inflammation
99
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*; culture media
Selective for Gr (+) cocci
Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Agar
100
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*; culture media
Selective and differential for *Staphylococcus spp.* based on mannitol fermentation
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
101
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*; culture media
Positive result for CHROMagar for *S. aureus* identification
mauve/ pink coloration
102
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*;
Beta-hemolytic; pinhead colonies and greenish discoloration in CAP
*S. aureus*
103
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*;
Small-medium sized, gray colonies; non-hemolytic
*S. epidermidis*
104
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*;
Medium sized colonies; beta-hemolytic
*S. lugdunensis*
105
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*;
Mannitol fermenter
*S. aureus*
| yellow coloration on MSA
106
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*;
Non-mannitol fermenter
*S. epidermidis*
| no color change in MSA; pink
107
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Reagent of catalase test
3% H2O2
108
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Reagent of modified oxidase test
6% tetramethylphenylenediamine HCl in DMSO
109
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Positive result for modified oxidase test
Dark blue
110
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Colonies from __ causes false positive result in catalase test
BAP
111
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Causes false positive in modified oxidase test
The use of nichrome/ iron loops
112
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Reagen of coagulase test
Rabbit plasma
113
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
In coagulase test, the clot can be dissolved by ___
Staphylokinase
| "staphylococcal fibrinolysin/ Muller's factor"
114
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Differentiates organisms based on the ability to oxidize of ferment sugars
Oxidation fermentation test
115
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Reagent of DNAse test
Toluidine blue or Methyl green
116
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Positive result for DNAse test
Hydrolysis of surrounding medium
| clear zone
117
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Tests for the formation of acetoin from glucose
| through Butylene Glycol pathway
Voges Proskauer test
118
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Differentiates coagulase (+) *Staphylococcus*
* Voges Proskauer test
* PYR test
119
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Positive result for Voges Proskauer test
Red coloration in MRVP broth
120
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Positive result for PYR test
Pink or cherry-red coloration
121
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Useful test to differentiate CONS
Novobiocin
| *S. aureus* (S); *S. saprophyticus* (R)
122
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Most useful for confirming *S. lugdunensis*
Ornithine decarboxylase test
| (+): Violate coloration on ODC tube
123
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Gold standard for MRSA detection
detection of mecA gene
124
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Recommended screening test for MRSA
Cefoxitin test
| 30 ug; less than or equal to 21 mm (R)
125
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
The MRSA screen agar uses ___ with ___ NaCl
oxacillin
2-4%
| growth indicates Methicillin resistance
126
DOC for VRSA
Linezolid
127
# Laboratory dx. of *Staphylococcus spp.*
Macrolide resistance is detected through what method?
D-zone test
| erythromycin & clindamyzin 15 mm apart
128
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*
Slide coagulase (+)
Tube coagulase (-)
ODC (+)
*S. lugdunensis*
129
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*
Slide coagulase (+)
Tube coagulase (-)
ODC (-)
*S. hyicus*
130
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*
Novobiocin (R)
Polymyxin B (S)
*S. saprophyticus*
131
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*
Novobiocin (S)
Polymyxin B (R)
*S. epidermidis*
132
# Identify the *Staphylococcus spp.*
Novobiocin (S)
Polymyxin B (S)
*S. haemolyticus*
