1 - Introduction à l’énoncé complexe Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction à l’énoncé complexe

A

Il existe une différence entre l’énoncé simple et l’énoncé complexe, entre une phrase simple et une phrase complexe.

La **phrase simple **comprend un sujet et un prédicat avec des circonstanciels éventuels

La** phrase complexe** comprend** deux fois cette construction : proposition principale + proposition subordonné**.

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2
Q

L’étude d’une structure complexe demande

A

L’étude d’une structure complexe demande** l’analyse de ses composantes (principale et subordonnée) et l’étude du processus de complexification**

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3
Q

Un énoncé complexe s’exprime de deux façons :

A
  • ** Énoncé complexe** : Au moins deux S/P
  • Énoncé complexifié : Une S/P dont la structure syntaxique a été modifiée
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4
Q

Énoncé complexe (3 possibilités)

A
  • Subordination par imbrication / enchâssement
  • Subordination par hiérarchisation
  • Coordination
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5
Q

Subordination par imbrication / enchâssement

A

Subordination par imbrication / enchâssement
Principale + complétive
I want you to pass your exam
La subordonnée joue le rôle d’un argument = complétive

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6
Q

Subordination par hiérarchisation

A

Principale + adverbiale
I’ll do it because I love you so much
La proposition subordonnée n’est pas obligatoire = adverbiale

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7
Q

Coordination

A

Coordination
Deux principales
I’ll give you a pint and you won’t refuse
Une hiérarchie sémantique mais une similarité syntaxique

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8
Q

Énoncé complexifié

A

L’objectif est toujours de **mettre l’emphase sur certains éléments **(= principe de topicalisation). Huddleston parle de thematic reordering :

  • Structure clivée / Clivée en It : It is you who won’t work after 10
  • **Structure pseudo-clivée / Clivée en Wh- **: What she wants is an ice-cream
  • Extraposition : It was strange that you should give Tom a ring as a birthday present
  • Passivation : I was fired yesterday
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9
Q

Dependent clause vs. independent clause

A

Quirk, 1972

It is useful to have a further terminological distinction: that between an** independent clause,** that is, a clause capable of constituting a simple sentence; and a** dependent clause, or a clause which makes up a grammatical sentence only if subordinate to a further clause.** (Quirk, 1972)

It is late > grammatical > independent
Because it is late > ungrammatical > dependent

Dependent clauses may be classified either by STRUCTURAL TYPE, ie in terms of the elements they themselves contain, or by FUNCTION, ie the structural position they have in the superordinate clause. (Quirk, 1972)

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10
Q

Coordination vs. subordination

A

Quirk, 1972

While coordination is a linking together of two or more elements of equivalent status and function, subordination is a non-symmetrical relation, holding between two clauses X and Y in such a way that Y is a constituent or part of X. (Quirk, 1972)

A coordinate relationship may have more than two members, while only two clauses enter into the relationship of subordination: we may call them the **subordinate clause (Y) and the superordinate clause **(X), the former being a constituent part (subject, object, adverbial, etc.) of the latter. (Quirk, 1972)

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