1-D: Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are drug allergies?

A

Allergic reactions are negative reactions to drugs. The body thinks of the drug as an antigen and creates antibodies for that drug.

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2
Q

What happens with increased exposure to an allergen?

A

The more the patient is exposed to the drug they are allergic to, the more sensitive they become, and reactions could become more severe.

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3
Q

What are minor reactions to contrast media?

A

Minor reactions include nausea, hives, mild vomiting, weakness, warmth, and pallor.

Patient doesn’t need to seek medical treatment but must be observed to ensure the reaction does not get worse.

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4
Q

What are moderate reactions to contrast media?

A

Moderate reactions include tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, hypertension, dyspnea, and laryngeal edema.

Patient doesn’t need to seek medical treatment but must be observed to ensure the reaction does not get worse.

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5
Q

What is a severe reaction to contrast media?

A

A severe reaction is anaphylactic shock, which can cause respiratory arrest and vascular shock.

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6
Q

What are common symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

Common symptoms include laryngeal edema, convulsions, unresponsiveness, extreme hypotension, and nausea.

Epinephrine can be used as a treatment and must occur rapidly.

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7
Q

Who should avoid using contrast media?

A

Contraindications include patients older than 50, patients with diabetes, limited kidney function, heart disease, or previous adverse reactions to contrast media.

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8
Q

What is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

A

CPR is needed when a patient goes into cardiac arrest.

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9
Q

When should you begin CPR?

A

Begin CPR if a patient’s pulse stops.

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10
Q

What are the proper steps to assess a patient before starting CPR?

A

The proper steps are C-A-B: circulation, airway, breathing.

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11
Q

What is the CPR compression to breath ratio for adults?

A

The ratio of compressions to breaths for an adult is 30:2.

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12
Q

What should you do immediately after an injury occurs?

A

Immediately call for the doctor and then continue to attend to the patient.

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13
Q

What should you do after an incident occurs?

A

An incident report may need to be filled out according to the facility’s rules.

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14
Q

What should you do when a patient has a seizure?

A

Stay with the patient, monitor them for injuries, and call for help.

Do not put your fingers into the patient’s mouth and do not restrain the patient.

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15
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Hypoglycemia is when there is too much insulin, often caused by the patient not eating or drinking.

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16
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when there isn’t enough insulin.

17
Q

What is the treatment for diabetic reactions?

A

Treatment includes IV and/or insulin.

18
Q

What should you do when diabetic reactions occur?

A

Stop all procedures, remain with the patient, call an emergency team, and monitor vital signs.

Can be deadly if untreated.