1-3- Taylor et al 2017 Flashcards
What is route efficiency?
straight line distance from start to end divided by the distance travelled by the bird
What are wingbeat frequency and amplitude a proxy for?
energy expenditure or work rate
Dorsal body amplitude can be an indirect measure of what?
amplitude of wing motions
Power requirement of horizontal steady flight is proportional to the square of what?
wingbeat amplitude
Power requirement of horizontal steady flight is proportional to the cube of what?
wingbeat frequency
Increasing wingbeat frequency and decreasing amplitude reduces ______ _____ and optimises _________-
Increasing wingbeat frequency and decreasing amplitude reduces wing drag and optimises aerodynamic efficiency
What happened a month before the experiment?
pigeons did at least 24 solo or flock releases from four release sites 1-3km from home
How many times were the pigeons released?
20 times each
When were the birds released
when the sun was visible and the speed was <7 m s -1
What were the maximum amount of releasea day?
2 a day, 3 hrs in between
WHat was the gap between pigeons being released
10 minute interval. 4 minute if out of site
What happens if birds meet up
flight excluded. this happened 18 times
___ additional tracks were removed due to GPD issues
4
__ more tracks excluded because birds landed
4
how were the trackers fitted on the birds?
velcro strips glued to trimmed feathers on their backs
how much did the loggers and fastenings weigh?
27g
what % of subjects’ mean body mass did the loggers and fastenings weigh?
7%
How did they get the pigeons used to the weight?
placed 27g clay weights to their backs 2 weeks before the experiment
how was wind speed per minute nad running mean of wind uploaded
using professional wireless weather station
GPS and accelerometer synchronised to accuracy of what?
0.2s
Weather data, GPD and accelerometer linked using what?
timestamps from the weather station
how was orthodromic (great-circular) distance calculcated
haversine formula
how was the bird’s final bearing from previous point calculated?
with the forward azimuth
Route efficiency was the ratio between what and what
Route efficiency was the ratio between total straight line (great-circular) distance between release and home divided by the sum of the direct (great circular) distances between each successive GPS point