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Ancient History > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Cyrus beat the Medes?

A

550BC

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2
Q

Who did Cyrus beat?

A

Astyages

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3
Q

From and when to did Nabonidus reign

A

555-539 BC

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4
Q

From and when to did Croesus reign?

A

560-546 BC

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5
Q

What were the Greeks in Lydia called

A

Asiatic Greeks

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6
Q

Where did Croesus and Cyrus first meet?

A

Pteria

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7
Q

Why did Cyrus defeat Croesus so easily

A

He decided to fight in the winter

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8
Q

How did Harpagus deal with the horses in the Lydian army

A

He used camels as he knew they were scared of them

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9
Q

How did the Persians take control of Sardis

A

They found a way to climb its walls

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10
Q

Why was Croesus not killed?

A

It rained as he was about to be burned on a pyre, and Cyrus interpreted that was words from the gods

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11
Q

What did Cyrus do to the Ionian cities

A

Left Tabalus to conquer them, after they had not revolted against Lydia when he asked them to

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12
Q

What was Cyrus doing between 546 and 539

A

Messing around in the East

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13
Q

When did the conquest of Babylon happen?

A

539 BC

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14
Q

When did Cyrus enter Babylon

A

12th October 539 BC

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15
Q

According to Herodotus, how did the Persians enter Babylon?

A

Diverting the river Euphrates so they could wade along the part where it flowed into Babylon. From 2 men (Xenephon) to 1/2 a man (Herodotus)

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16
Q

Who was the Babylonian God?

A

Marduk

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17
Q

Where can we see the Capture of Babylon?

A

Cyrus Cylinder

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18
Q

What was the Cyrus cylinder written in?

A

Cuneiform

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19
Q

When were the Jews captured and by whom

A

600 BC by Nebuchadnezzar

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20
Q

What is Cyrus described as in the old testament

A

a messiah (only non-jew to be given that name in the bible)- book of isaiah chapter 45

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21
Q

Where was Cyrus’ royal palace

A

Pasargadae

22
Q

How large is the palace at Pasagradae?

A

400 acres

23
Q

How long were the waterways in Pasargadae?

A

1100m

24
Q

What do greek authors call the gardens?

A

Paradaiza

25
Q

How large is the Zendan?

A

12.5m

26
Q

What might the Zendan have been used for?

A

Coronation ceremonies for the new king

27
Q

What are the dimensions of Cyrus’ tomb?

A

13.75 x 12.25 x 11m (height)

28
Q

How is the tomb of Cyrus shaped

A

Like a house with a saddle-roof

29
Q

When did Cyrus die?

A

530 BC (Nabonidus Chronicle)

30
Q

Who was queen of the Massagatae

A

Tomyris

31
Q

Where did Cyrus advance his troops to

A

The Axares river

32
Q

Why did they fight on the persian side of the river?

A

All of Cyrus’ advisors, say for Croesus, chose to fight there

33
Q

Who did Cyrus send back to Persia

A

Croesus and Cambyses

34
Q

Who did the Persians catch?

A

Spargipises

35
Q

What happened to Spargipises?

A

He killed himself in captivity

36
Q

What did the Massagatae do with Cyrus’ body?

A

Cut his head off and drop is into a leather bag filled with blood. Other sources say he died back in Pasargadae, though

37
Q

Where did the Tigris River and Pasargadae lie?

A

Zagros Mountains

38
Q

Who was Harpagus

A

A trusted advisor to Astyages who later came to support Cyrus

39
Q

What were the two most important regions in Asiatic Greece?

A

Aeolis and Ionia (on the coast of the Aegean)

40
Q

What happened after Cyrus left Lydia?

A

Pactyes, an official left to assist Tabalus, rose up in revolt- however, this failed

41
Q

What was the former capital of Persia

A

Anshan

42
Q

What was Elam

A

An older kingdom absorbed by the Persians

43
Q

When were the Assyrians overthrown and by whom

A

612 BC by the Babylonians and the Medes

44
Q

What was the largest city in Media

A

Ecbatana

45
Q

Why is Cyrus born?

A

Astyages has a dream that his daughter, Mandane, would one day have a son who would become king

46
Q

How did Astyages try and get rid of the threat in his dream

A

He married Mandane off to a king of Persia, Cambyses I

47
Q

What did Astyages tell Harpagus to do?

A

To kill the baby (cyrus) after he was born

48
Q

What did Harpagus do when he was told by Astyages to kill Cyrus?

A

He did not have the heart to do this, and so left him to a herdsman to leave in the mountains, Mithridates, who raised him as his own, also not being able to kill him

49
Q

What did Astyages do when he found out that Cyrus wasn’t dead

A

He killed Harpagus’ son, cooked him in a stew, and served him to Harpagus

50
Q

What was Ionia’s most powerful city

A

Miletus

51
Q

Where was the boundary between the Lydians and the Medes

A

The Halys river

Ancient History (19 decks)

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