ROME- ORIGINS OF THE REPUBLIC (3) Flashcards
What were the two ‘orders’ (classes of people)
Patricians and Plebeians
What could plebeians not do
Stand for a magistracy or government position
When did it seems the two orders became well established in Rome
3rd century BC
What is the difference between Romulus’ orders and the classes introduced by Servius?
Servius’ classes were according to wealth, whereas Romulus’ were based on birth
What job did plebeians usually have?
Rural plebeians were farmers or labourers, whereas urban ones were skilled workers in various areas
What was the horrea vespasiani
Vespasian’s Market
What was a legion, and when were they established?
Unit of the Roman army- no evidence for its existence until the 4th or 3rd century BC, but historians still refer to it when talking about Roman armies
What were velites
Roman light infantry, recruited from the poorest of plebeians and given limited training- used javelins, and hand to hand combat when fighting
What were hoplites
Citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city states, probably adopted by Rome in the 5th Century BC
Who were the eques
Made up of wealthier plebeians/patricians, who would be given a horse by the state, and allowed to fight in the Roman cavalry
Whom were the patricians descended from
The noblest families who first settled in Rome during Romulus’ rule
Who made up the senate?
100 patricians
Who became a patrician when arriving in Rome and who made him a patrician?
Tarquinius Priscus by Ancus Marcius
What was a magistrate?
An elected office-holder who had responsibility in the Roman Senate
What benefits did being a consul have?
It would grant a patrician access to the Senate for life and allow them to command Rome’s armies
What role did patricians families play in the Roman state
They provided the generals and administrators who would manage army and public affairs
What was the highest rank accessible by Patricians?
Consul
Outline of the Rape of Lucretia (1)
Superbus’ sons and their cousin, Collatinus, were drinking heavily during the siege of Ardea
This led to a debate about their wives’ virtues
Collatinus was so positive he would win that he convinced everyone to ride home and spy on their wives
All but Collatinus’ wife, Lucretia, were drinking heavily, while Lucretia was working hard with her maids
Outline the Rape of Lucretia (2)
Sextus, according to Livy, was ‘drunk with lust’ and decided he would rape Lucretia
He returned a few days later, ad was given a guest room by Lucretia, but attacked her in the night
Outline the Rape of Lucretia (3)
Sextus first threatened to kill her if she didn’t sleep with him. She refused.
He then threatened to destroy her husband’s reputation by exposing her as an adulterer
He told Lucretia he would rape and murder her, and then tell everyone he had discovered Lucretia with a male slave, and had killed them both
Lucretia submitted in order to save her husband’s career.
