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Ancient History > PERSIA- XERXES (4) > Flashcards

PERSIA- XERXES (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Xerxes rule from and to?

A

486-465 BC

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2
Q

How did Xerxes portray himself in the royal inscriptions?

A

Firmly as continuing his father’s legacy, promoting the fact that he had completed his father’s building projects. Following the wishes of Ahuramazda

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3
Q

What gate did Xerxes commission?

A

The Gate of All Lands

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4
Q

What is Xerxes known as having

A

Hubris

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5
Q

What was the greek word for ‘retribution’

A

Nemesis

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6
Q

Why did Xerxes become king and not his older brother

A

Xerxes was apparently chosen by Ahuramazda

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7
Q

Who revolted at the start of Xerxes’ reign

A

Egypt and Babylon

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8
Q

Why did the invasion of Greece happen?

A

Revenge on Athenians, reap the economic benefits, some greeks were urging an invasion of Persia

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9
Q

What did Artabanus tell Xerxes about invading Greece

A

That he shouldnt accompany the army to save himself the embarrassment- however this is likely not true, as Herodotus probably wouldn’t know about the goings on in Persian courts

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10
Q

How many soldiers does Herodotus say were part of the Invasion of Greece

A

2.6 million, drawn from 47 nations

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11
Q

How large was the fleet of Persian invaders, according to Herodotus and Aeschylus

A

1207 ships

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12
Q

What are the modern estimates of the Soldiers and fleet numbers

A

60000-80000 men, 300-600 ships

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13
Q

How long did Xerxes prepare for the campaign

A

4 years

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14
Q

How did Xerxes prepare for the campaign

A

Supply depots through Thrace and Macedonia, Canal through the Athos peninsula, and two bridges built across the Hellespont, imitating the achievement of Darius bridging the Bosporus in 513 BC

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15
Q

Where did the Persian force assemble and when

A

In Sardis, 481 BC

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16
Q

When did the Persian forces begin their march?

A

Spring 480 BC

17
Q

What problem did Xerxes face when crossing the Hellespont?

A

The bridges he built had been destroyed in a storm, and so Xerxes had it whipped 300 times, branded, and have a pair of chains thrown into it

18
Q

Who were the Immortals

A

10,000 men who closely protected the king- called so because as soon as one died, there was another to take his place

19
Q

What were the greek heavily armoured soldiers called?

A

Hoplites

20
Q

What was a phalanx

A

Closely packed formation of soldiers

21
Q

what was a trireme

A

Battle ship used at that time, called so for having three banks of oars on each side

22
Q

Who was the greek general at Thermopylae

A

Leonidas

23
Q

Who told Xerxes of a path around the mountain at Thermopylae

A

Ephialtes

24
Q

What was the Hellenic League

A

An alliance made up of 30 or so city states, with Sparta as leaders

25
Q

How many men fought on the Greek side?

A

7000, 300 spartans

26
Q

What happened to Leonidas

A

He was decaptitated by Xerxes, and his head was driven onto a stake

27
Q

When was the battle of Salamis

A

September 480 BC

28
Q

Why did the Battle of Salamis occur where it did?

A

The Persians wanted to sack the city of Athens to get revenge on the sacking of Sardis and the battle of Marathon, and did so, leading to a battle near Athens

29
Q

Who persuaded most of the Athenians to leave Athens?

A

Themistocles

30
Q

How many city states provided ships for the Greek navy in the Battle of Salamis?

A

21

31
Q

How many ships were there in total on the greek side in the battle of Salamis

A

380

32
Q

How many ships did Athens provide in the battle of Salamis

A

200

33
Q

Who spoke against fighting at Salamis on the Persian side?

A

Queen Artemisia, Queen of Halicarnassus

34
Q

When did the Battle of Eurymedon take place?

A

late 460s (470-465)

35
Q

When did Xerxes die?

A

465 BC

36
Q

Why were there no more offensives into Greece after Xerxes death?

A

His son, Artaxerxes, seemed to have accepted the Aegean as the Western limits of the Empire

Ancient History (12 decks)

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