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Ancient History > PERICLES- ATHENS-SPARTA RELATIONSHIP AND FOREIGN POLICY (2) > Flashcards

PERICLES- ATHENS-SPARTA RELATIONSHIP AND FOREIGN POLICY (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What started The First Peloponnesian War? (3)

A
  • In c461 BCE Corinth encroached on the territory of Megara - In retaliation, Megara left the Peloponnesian League and allied with Athens - Athens then helped Megara build long walls between the city and the port, Nisaea
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2
Q

Why did Athens ally with Megara?

A

Because Athens feared a Spartan attack and Megara provided an obstacle to invasion by land

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3
Q

What did Athens do with Aegina after its loss?

A

Athens incorporated the defeated Aegina into the Delian League and made it pay annual tribute

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4
Q

What is a summary of the First Peloponnesian War?

A

It was essentially one long battle that Sparta was reluctantly drawn into due to the actions of Corinth and the tense relationship with Athens

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5
Q

When was the Five Year’s Peace?

A

451-446 BCE

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6
Q

What was the Five Year Peace Plan?

A

In 451 BCE Athens and Sparta agreed on a five year peace plan - Both sides immediately contradicted the agreement but the peace somehow held

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7
Q

What occurred in 446 BCE?

A
  • Euboea and Megara revolted against Athens - At the same time, Sparta briefly attacked Attica and then retreated
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8
Q

How did Pericles increase the tempo of Athenian expansion? And why?

A
  • Pericles sailed to Euboea with fifty ships and 5000 hoplites, turning it into an Athenian garrison - Plutarch says this was to show Athenian strength to the remaining allies
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9
Q

When did Athens and Sparta sign a peace treaty? and what were the terms? (2)

A

446/5 BCE - Athens had to surrender Peloponnesian territories gained (mainly Nisea, Pagae, Troezen and Achaea) - Allies were forbidden from changing sides

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10
Q

Why did Sparta wish for these terms?

A
  • Athens had been expanding and Sparta desired its own sphere of influence to help protect itself from the Athenian expansion
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11
Q

What was the difference in wealth between Athens and Sparta?

A
  • Athens was wealthy and powerful and Pericles wished to continue the expansionist policy - Sparta however did not have the wealth to compete with Athenian expansion
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12
Q

What occurred during the Revolt of Samos and why did it happen? (5)

A
  • Samos was attempting to takeover Miletus - Miletus had lost both its navy and freedom after numerous revolts and asked Athens for help - Pericles took a fleet to Samos and took control - The Samians revolted once the Athenians left - Athens took a year to suppress the rebellions
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13
Q

How did Pericles punish the Samians? (3)

A
  • Pericles demolished the walls of the city - Imposed a heavy fine of 1400 talents - Confiscated its fleet
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14
Q

When was Corcyra founded and by who?

A

Corcyra was founded by Corinth in 734 BCE

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15
Q

What occurred post-confrontation between Corcyra and Corinth? (3)

A
  • Corcyra began attacking Corinthian interests (trade, ports, etc.) - In retaliation, Corinth strengthened its fleet between 435 BCE and 433 BCE - Corcyra appealed to Athens for support
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16
Q

When was Potidaea in revolt and why?

A

around 432 BCE because it’s tribute (as a colony of Athens) had been doubled to 15 talents per year

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17
Q

What was the most serious of the provocations for war?

A

Megara

18
Q

What was the Megarian Decree and when was it implemented?

A

Implemented around the same time as the revolt of Potidaea - One of the preparations Pericles made anticipating war - The decree banned Megara from free trade in the harbours and marketplaces of the Athenian sphere of influence

19
Q

What was Corinth concerned about? Who did they blame for this?

A

Athenian expansions - They blamed Sparta for this and threatened to abandon the league unless Sparta declared war

20
Q

What was the Hellenic League?

A

The alliance of states which had managed to drive back the Persian invasion in 480-479BC

21
Q

What was the Peloponnesian League?

A

An alliance of city-states largely based in the Peloponnese peninsula of Southern Greece, led and controlled by Sparta

22
Q

What was the Delian League?

A

An alliance of Greek city-states that would give tributes to Athens each year to help protect against Persian attack

23
Q

What happened in 470BC, when Naxos attempted to leave the Delian League?

A

Athens besieged the island and forced them to come back into the alliance. This was the start of Athenian imperialism.

24
Q

What happened in/after the revolt of the island of Thasos in 465BC?

A

The Athenians sieged the island, took down their walls, fined them and forced them to pay a tribute. They appealed to the Spartans to help, and they would have, but they suffered an earthquake at that time, which gave their large helot population a chance to revolt.

25
Q

The Spartan Helot revolt - how did this affect Athens and Sparta’s relationship?

A

The Athenians were first called in to help fight the helots, but when they got there, the Spartans refused their help as they suspected them of sympathising with the helots. Athens then left the Hellenic League, and allied with Sparta’s rival, Argos

26
Q

What happened in 461 which made it so that the two leagues were at war with each other for the first time?

A

Two Spartan allies, Corinth and Megara, entered into a border war, and Megara joined the Delian League when faced with defeat.

27
Q

What two states fought a lot before the construction of Athens’s Long Walls?

A

Athens and Corinth

28
Q

In what year were the Long Walls created?

A

458 (461-456) and then 440 BC

29
Q

What happened in 454/3BC that marked the beginning of the “Athenian Empire”?

A

The location of the treasury of the Delian League was moved to Athens

30
Q

What did Athens and Sparta agree to in 446BC?

A

The Thirty Year Peace, which also established which cities belonged to each side, and prevented cities from switching sides

31
Q

“The growing power of Athens, and the resultant fear…

A

made war inevitable.” - Thucydides

32
Q

What were the four ways that Sparta believes Athens broke the conditions of the Thirty Years Peace?

A
  • Athens allied with Corcyra in 433, a neutral state that had a large navy, but bad relations with Corinth. - In 432, Corinth was outraged at Athens’ treatment of the colony of Potidaea, who they had been besieging for 3 years. - By 432 Aegina believed Athens had compromised its independence, contrary to the terms of the TYP - Athens implemented the Megarian Decree, which greatly harmed the Megarian economy
33
Q

“It is not easy to discover what the original reason was for the proposal being accepted…

A

but everyone blames Pericles for the fact that it was not overturned.” - Plutarch

34
Q

Who was Aristophanes?

A

A comic playwright who lived and wrote during the Peloponnesian War

35
Q

How does Aristophanes describe the introduction of the Megarian Decree in his play “Acharnians”?

A

It was introduced by the Zeus-like Pericles after a dispute over prostitutes owned by Aspasia that were stolen by Megarians (getting revenge for another prostitute theft)

36
Q

What was Pericles’ strategy for fighting with Sparta?

A

To move all the people of Attica into the Long Walls when threatened, so they could avoid conflict on land with the Spartans, and only fight them at sea, where Athens was stronger

37
Q

Why was Pericles criticised during the time spent in the Long Walls?

A

Because he would not allow his people to leave the walls to protect the crops that the Spartans were burning.

38
Q

When and why did the plague begin in Athens?

A

In the spring of 430, due to the massive overcrowding in the city

39
Q

What happened when Athens descended into lawlessness because of the plague?

A

Pericles tried to calm the people with a speech appealing to their patriotism, but he was removed as leader and issued a fine

40
Q

Why did Pericles return to power in Athens, and what did he do after returning?

A

The people reinstated him as they realised there was no one better to rule Athens, and he successfully appealed to the people to let his son with Aspasia be a citizen, going against his own citizenship laws.

41
Q

When and how did Pericles die?

A

He died in 429 due to the plague in Athens

42
Q

What happened after the death of Pericles in 429?

A

The position of power was filled with many, less able men, and Athens eventually suffered a terrible defeat in 404BC.

Ancient History (12 decks)

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