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Ancient History > PERICLES- ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY (1) > Flashcards

PERICLES- ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the word democracy come from?

A

demos- people
kratos- power

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2
Q

What is a polis

A

A city state, esp. as a political entity, comprising the city’s buildings and land, as well as the citizens themselves

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3
Q

Where is Attica

A

The region comprising Athens and its surrounding countryside/villages

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4
Q

What is an archon

A

1 of 9 senior magistrates responsible for key areas of Athenian government annually

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5
Q

Who was elected archon in 594/593

A

Solon

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6
Q

What did Solon do in his year of archonship?

A

Divided citizens into 4 classes based on wealth

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7
Q

What was the richest class?

A

Pentakosiomedimnoi

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8
Q

What was the second richest class?

A

Hippeis

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9
Q

What was the third richest class?

A

Zeugitai

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10
Q

What was the poorest class?

A

Thetes

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11
Q

What was the assembly

A

A formal meeting of the people open to any citizen

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12
Q

What was the council of the Areopagus

A

an aristocratic council of ex-archons

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13
Q

What was a tyrant?

A

A sole rule of a greek city who had taken power unconstitutionally

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14
Q

When was Cleisthenes in control of Athens?

A

508/507

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15
Q

How many of the Athenian residents were citizens (given citizenship was not provided to women, non-Athenians or slaves)?

A

15%, between 30,000 and 60,000 out of 300,000

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16
Q

What did Cleisthenes do?

A

Divided the citizens of Athens into 10 tribes (as opposed to the previous 4)

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17
Q

What was a deme?

A

a village or district of the town of Athens which formed a single political unit

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18
Q

What council did cleisthenes introduce?

A

The boule

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19
Q

How many men made up the boule?

A

500, 50 from each tribe

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20
Q

What did Cleisthenes allegedly also introduce?

A

Ostracisms

21
Q

When did the first ostracism take place?

A

488/487

22
Q

How was the Athenian army built?

A

10 tribes made up the 10 regiments of the army- 10 generals, one from each tribe were asked to help lead the war effort, known as strategoi (sg. strategos)

23
Q

When did the Athenians stop electing archons, and instead choose them by lot?

A

487/486

24
Q

What did Ephialtes do?

A

deprived the Areopagus of all its duties, except for jurisdiction over murder and certain offences against the gods.

25
Q

For how many years in a row was Pericles elected general?

A

15, from 443 to 429

26
Q

When did zeugitai become eligible for archonships?

A

457/456

27
Q

What was a metic?

A

non-citizens who worked in Athens, usually Greek

28
Q

What was an ephebe?

A

young Athenian man who is preparing for citizenship

29
Q

How did Pericles establish his political position?

A

adopting populist policies, like introducing land handouts, money for festivals, fees for jury service and financial handouts

30
Q

What was an ostracism

A

annual vote to banish a citizen of athens for a period of 10 years

31
Q

how would an ostracism be done?

A

each voter took an ostrakon (broken piece of pottery) and wrote the name of the person he wanted to ostracise on it. The votes were counted, and there had to be at least 6000 votes cast to make it valid

32
Q

Who was the first to be ostracised

A

Cimon

33
Q

Why was Cimon ostracised?

A

for his embarrassing campaign in Sparta in 461 BC

34
Q

What was the Boule?

A

A council which supported the government and advised the assembly

35
Q

How did the Boule work?

A

50 councillors were selected in each tribe every year, and citizens could only serve twice in the council in their lifetime, preventing a single individual from gaining too much power or influence.

36
Q

What was sortition?

A

The principle of selection by lot

37
Q

When did the boule meet?

A

Every day except public holidays

38
Q

What was a prytany?

A

one of ten administrative periods within the Athenian year, each lasting 35 or 36 days

39
Q

What was the total number of magistrates alongside the 500 Boule?

A

About 700 magistrates.

40
Q

How were most magistrates selected to serve on boards?

A

By lot.

41
Q

What was the age requirement for Archontes?

A

Aged 30+.

42
Q

What tasks were Archontes in charge of?

A

Tasks such as cleaning, markets, legal punishments.

43
Q

What process was used to scrutinize magistrates’ performance?

A

Dokimasia.

44
Q

What position could Archontes hold after their term?

A

The Council of the Areopagus.

45
Q

What area were Strategoi responsible for?

A

The military.

46
Q

How many Strategoi were there in total?

A

One person per tribe (10 in total).

47
Q

How were Strategoi chosen?

A

Elected each year.

48
Q

What notable event involved Pericles as a Strategos?

A

Pericles held the position for 15 years, despite a dismissal and fine in 430.

Ancient History (13 decks)

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