08.2 Interstitial Lung Disease, Pleural Disease and Chest Wall Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous development in the interstitium does what to compliance?

A

Decreases

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2
Q

What are some immunological examples of interstitial lung disease?

A

Sarcoidosis

Allergic alveolitis

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3
Q

What are some occupational examples of interstitial lung disease?

A

Asbestosis

Silicosis

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4
Q

What are some treatment related examples of interstitial lung disease?

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Nitrofurantoin

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5
Q

What are some connective tissue disease caused examples of interstitial lung disease?

A

SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polyomyositis

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6
Q

Where is the interstitial space?

A

The potential space between alveoli cells and the capillary basement membrane which is only apparent in disease states.

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7
Q

What causes fibrosing alveolitis?

A

Idiopathic overactivation of alveolar macrophages.

This attracts neutrophils and eosinophils which cause lung damage which leads to fibrosis.

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8
Q

What causes extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Inhalation of organic material into the lungs which causes and allergic reaction.

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9
Q

What are some specific examples of causes of acute and chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Acute - farmers lung (from mouldy hay)

Chronic - pigeon fanciers’ lung

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10
Q

What can cause pleural volume to increase?

A

Pulmonary hypertension (heart failure)
Decreased oncotic pressure (liver failure)
Increased capillary permeability (inflammation or cancer)
Obstruction to lymph flow

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11
Q

What is it called when lymph fills the pleural space?

A

Chylothorax

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12
Q

What is it called when blood is in the pleural space?

A

Haemothorax

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13
Q

What is it called when there is pus in the pleural space?

A

Empyema

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14
Q

What is it called when there is increased serous fluid pleural space?

A

Simple pleural effusion

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15
Q

What is the difference between transudate and exudate?

A

Transudate - low protein content - heart failure/sepsis

Exudate - high protein content - neoplasia, infection, immune disease

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16
Q

What is pleurisy?

A

Inflammation of the pleura - layers rub together when breathing in and cause a sharp pain

17
Q

What is the most common pleural primary tumour?

A

Malignant mesothelioma

18
Q

What can cause chest wall disease?

A

Congenital abnormalities of the chest wall
Acquired abnormalities of the chest wall
Muscle disease

19
Q

What can trauma lead to in terms of chest wall disease?

A

Scoliosis/kyphosis

Flail segment

20
Q

What muscle disease can lead to chest wall problems?

A

Muscular dystrophy

Neurological disease - MND/Polio

21
Q

What causes fibrosing alveolitis?

A

Idiopathic overactivation of alveolar macrophages.

This attracts neutrophils and eosinophils which cause lung damage which leads to fibrosis.

22
Q

What causes extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Inhalation of organic material into the lungs which causes and allergic reaction.

23
Q

What are some specific examples of causes of acute and chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Acute - farmers lung (from mouldy hay)

Chronic - pigeon fanciers’ lung