08.2 Interstitial Lung Disease, Pleural Disease and Chest Wall Diseases Flashcards
Fibrous development in the interstitium does what to compliance?
Decreases
What are some immunological examples of interstitial lung disease?
Sarcoidosis
Allergic alveolitis
What are some occupational examples of interstitial lung disease?
Asbestosis
Silicosis
What are some treatment related examples of interstitial lung disease?
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Nitrofurantoin
What are some connective tissue disease caused examples of interstitial lung disease?
SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polyomyositis
Where is the interstitial space?
The potential space between alveoli cells and the capillary basement membrane which is only apparent in disease states.
What causes fibrosing alveolitis?
Idiopathic overactivation of alveolar macrophages.
This attracts neutrophils and eosinophils which cause lung damage which leads to fibrosis.
What causes extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Inhalation of organic material into the lungs which causes and allergic reaction.
What are some specific examples of causes of acute and chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Acute - farmers lung (from mouldy hay)
Chronic - pigeon fanciers’ lung
What can cause pleural volume to increase?
Pulmonary hypertension (heart failure)
Decreased oncotic pressure (liver failure)
Increased capillary permeability (inflammation or cancer)
Obstruction to lymph flow
What is it called when lymph fills the pleural space?
Chylothorax
What is it called when blood is in the pleural space?
Haemothorax
What is it called when there is pus in the pleural space?
Empyema
What is it called when there is increased serous fluid pleural space?
Simple pleural effusion
What is the difference between transudate and exudate?
Transudate - low protein content - heart failure/sepsis
Exudate - high protein content - neoplasia, infection, immune disease
What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleura - layers rub together when breathing in and cause a sharp pain
What is the most common pleural primary tumour?
Malignant mesothelioma
What can cause chest wall disease?
Congenital abnormalities of the chest wall
Acquired abnormalities of the chest wall
Muscle disease
What can trauma lead to in terms of chest wall disease?
Scoliosis/kyphosis
Flail segment
What muscle disease can lead to chest wall problems?
Muscular dystrophy
Neurological disease - MND/Polio
What causes fibrosing alveolitis?
Idiopathic overactivation of alveolar macrophages.
This attracts neutrophils and eosinophils which cause lung damage which leads to fibrosis.
What causes extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Inhalation of organic material into the lungs which causes and allergic reaction.
What are some specific examples of causes of acute and chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Acute - farmers lung (from mouldy hay)
Chronic - pigeon fanciers’ lung
