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Respiratory System > 03.2 Lung Function Test > Flashcards

03.2 Lung Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume in and out with each breath.

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2
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Extra volume that can be breathed in.

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3
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

Extra volume that can be breathed out.

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4
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

Volume remaining after maximum expiration.

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5
Q

What is vital capacity and how can it be calculated?

A

Max inspiration to max expiration. IRV+TV+ERV

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6
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A

Biggest breath that can be taken from resting expiratory level.

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7
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

Volume of air in lungs at resting expiratory level. ERV+RV

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8
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Volume if gas in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration. IRV+TV+ERV+RV

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9
Q

What is FVC?

A

Forced vital capacity.

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10
Q

What is FEV1.0?

A

Volume expired in the first second.

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11
Q

What is a normal FEV/FVC ratio?

A

>70%

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12
Q

If the green curve is normal, what pattern does the blue curve represent?

A

Obstructive

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13
Q

If the green curve is normal, what does the orange curve represent?

A

Restrictive

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14
Q

What happens to the FEV/FVC ratio in obstructive diseasees?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

What happens to the FEV/FVC ratio in restrictive diseases?

A

Increases.

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16
Q

How can asthma be investigated using spirometry?

A

Check reversibility of obstructive pattern before and after bronchodilator use.

17
Q

What type of pattern is shown in red here?

A

Restrictive

18
Q

What type of pattern is shown in red here?

A

Obstructive

19
Q

How can residual volume be calculated?

A

Helium dilution.

Patient breathes in a known volume of helium which is diluted in the lungs. Clever maths is then used to calculated how much total volume is left from what is breathed out.

20
Q

What can be done to calculate serial/anatomical dead space?

A

Nitrogen washout.

Breathe in pure oxygen. Initial air breathed out is pure O2. This gradually becomes a mix of O2 and alveolar gas which continues to a plateau where exhaled gas represents alveolar gas. You can then use Fowler’s method to calculate deadspace.

21
Q

What is Fowler’s method?

A

Vertical line drawn so that the area of A = B.

The volume at the vertical line is the anatomical deadspace.

22
Q

How can diffusion be measured?

A

Diffusion conductance - CO transfer factor.

Patient breathes in a known concentration of carbon monoxide which is then measured for in the blood to calculate rate of diffusion.

Respiratory System (18 decks)

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