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Respiratory System > 06.2 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections + Pneumonia > Flashcards

06.2 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections + Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common commensals in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Viridans streptococci
Neisseria spp
Candida

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2
Q

What are some defences of the respiratory tract?

A

Mucociliary - hairs/ciliated epithelium
Coughing and sneezing
Mucosal immune system - IgA

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3
Q

What is a common virus that causes upper respiratory tract infections?

A

Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Influenza

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4
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

General term denoting inflammation of the gas exchanging region of the lung, usually due to infection.

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5
Q

What is acute lobar pneumonia?

A

Localised to a particular lobe

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6
Q

What is acute broncho pneumonia?

A

Diffused and patchy

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7
Q

What is interstitial pneumonia?

A

Interstitium of both lungs affected

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8
Q

What is aspiration pneumonia?

A

Infection in the aspirated material

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9
Q

What counts as chronic pneumonia?

A

Lasts 6 weeks or more

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10
Q

What are typical causes of community acquired pneumonia?

A

S Pneumoniae

H influenzae

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11
Q

What are atypical causes of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Legionella

Mycoplasma

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of community acquired pneumonia?

A 
Shortness of breath
Cough
Fever
Rigors
Pleuritic pain
Nausea and vomiting
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13
Q

What can be used to assess the severity of a community acquired pneumonia?

A 
CURB65
Confusion
Urea
Respiratory rate (>30)
BP (65 years
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14
Q

What CURB65 score counts as severe?

A

> 3

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15
Q

How do you treat community acquired pneumonia?

A

Mild - amoxicillin

Severe - coamoxiclav + clarithromycin

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16
Q

What defines a hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Caused after >48hrs in hospital

Previous antibiotics

17
Q

What are some causative agents of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

S. Aureus
Enterobacteriacae
Pseudomonas spp
Haemophilus influenzae

18
Q

How is a hospital acquired pneumonia treated?

A

Coamoxiclav

19
Q

What lung infection can an immunosuppressed patient likely have?

A

PCP - Pneumocystis pneumonia

TB

20
Q

What is the normal bacterial flora in the lower respiratory system?

A

None, should be sterile

Respiratory System (18 decks)

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